Analytic and heuristic processing influences on adolescent reasoning and decision-making
Analytic and heuristic processing influences on adolescent reasoning and decision-making
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-8624.00319
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Klaczynski, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klaczynski, PA
规范性/描述性差距是实际推理与传统推理标准之间的差异。年龄和规范性/描述性差距之间的关系进行了研究，提出了青少年电池的推理和决策任务。中年青少年（N = 76）比早期青少年（N = 66）更接近规范理想，尽管两组的规范/描述性差距都很大。相关性分析显示：（1）规范性反应之间呈正相关;（2）非规范性反应之间呈正相关;（3）规范性反应和非规范性反应之间基本上是独立的。因子分析表明，性能是基于两个处理系统。“分析”系统在“去语境化”的任务表征上运作，并成为有意识的计算推理的基础。“启发式”系统在“情境化”的、内容丰富的表征上运作，产生“认知上廉价”的反应，有时与传统规范相冲突。分析处理与年龄和智力的联系比启发式处理更明显。认知发展，能力/性能的问题，和合理性的影响进行了讨论。
The normative/ descriptive gap is the discrepancy between actual reasoning and traditional standards for reasoning. The relationship between age and the normative/ descriptive gap was examined by presenting adolescents with a battery of reasoning and decision-making tasks. Middle adolescents (N = 76) performed closer to normative ideals than early adolescents (N = 66), although the normative/ descriptive gap was large for both groups. Correlational analyses revealed that (1) normative responses correlated positively with each other, (2) nonnormative responses were positively interrelated, and (3) normative and nonnormative responses were largely independent. Factor analyses suggested that performance was based on two processing systems. The "analytic" system operates on "decontextualized" task representations and underlies conscious, computational reasoning. The "heuristic" system operates on "contextualized," content-laden representations and produces "cognitively cheap" responses that sometimes conflict with traditional norms. Analytic processing was more clearly linked to age and to intelligence than heuristic processing. Implications for cognitive development, the competence/ performance issue, and rationality are discussed.