The use of hallucinogens in the treatment of addiction
The use of hallucinogens in the treatment of addiction
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DOI：
10.3109/16066359609010756
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Halpern, JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Halpern, JH
用致幻剂治疗药物依赖的研究虽然很有希望，但由于方法不同，在某些情况下持怀疑态度，以及对双盲安慰剂对照设计的坚持不够，问题仍然没有答案。人们的兴趣再次出现，特别是最近在美国申请了iboclavin的专利，因为它具有明显的抗渴望特性。对文献的回顾表明，这些特性可能存在于整个致幻剂家族中。潜在的功效可能与它们在特定5-羟色胺受体位点的激动和拮抗作用有关。在服用致幻剂后，会有持续数周至数月的“余辉”，这种余辉可能会通过重复给药而延长。伊博替林和LSD都有很长的作用时间，使得它们的应用变得笨拙。然而，色胺类药物，例如N，N-二甲基色胺（DMT），作用时间非常短，因此可以在办公室环境中轻松给药。由于有许多致幻剂尚待测试，很可能会发现一种具有上级抗渴望特性和无毒副作用的致幻剂。
Research into treating drug dependence with hallucinogens, although promising, ended with questions still unanswered because of varying, in some cases skeptical, methodology and insufficient adherence to a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Interest is again emerging, especially with the recent patenting in the United States of ibogaine for its apparent anti-craving properties. A review of the literature shows that these properties may be present across the entire family of hallucinogens. Potential efficacy may be tied to their agonism and antagonism at specific serotonin receptor sites. After the administration of a hallucinogen, there is a positive ''afterglow'' lasting weeks to months which might be extended through repeated dosing. Ibogaine and LSD both have lengthy periods of action, making their application unwieldy. However, tryptamines, such as N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), are so short-acting that they could easily be administered in an office setting. With numerous hallucinogens yet to be tested, a hallucinogen might well be discovered with superior anti-craving properties and nondeleterious side-effect profile.