The Sun Rises in the East (of Africa): A Comparison of the Development and Status of the Solar Energy Markets in Kenya and Tanzania
The Sun Rises in the East (of Africa): A Comparison of the Development and Status of the Solar Energy Markets in Kenya and Tanzania
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太阳从东方升起：肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚太阳能市场发展与现状比较
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
Janosch Ondraczek
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作者：
Janosch Ondraczek
本文描述和分析了肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚太阳能市场的历史发展和现状。报告审查了这两个市场自1970年代开始以来的发展情况、目前的规模和结构，并对未来的发展提出了预测。此外，它还强调并解释了这两个东非国家太阳能市场之间的相似之处和差异。本文是基于广泛的文献调查，考虑到学术和灰色文献。除了文献综述外，还对东非太阳能市场专家进行了25次深入的个人访谈。肯尼亚的太阳能市场被认为是世界上离网太阳能使用的主要市场之一，装机容量约为10 MWp，拥有超过30万个太阳能家庭系统。坦桑尼亚太阳能市场的发展比肯尼亚市场晚得多，而且仍然小于其邻国，装机容量约为4 MWp，拥有40，000个家用太阳能系统。除了家用太阳能系统外，还涵盖了社会机构、电信和旅游业中使用太阳能的其他部分。此外，本文还描述了肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚太阳能市场之间的一些差异和相似之处，并提出了一些可能的解释。然后，它强调了一些初步的政策影响，在东非的监管和促进太阳能。认识、可用性和可负担性被认为是主要的驱动因素，所有这些因素都需要存在，以使离网太阳能技术在新兴市场得到广泛应用。
This paper describes and analyses the historical development and current status of the solar energy markets in Kenya and Tanzania. It examines the development of both markets since their beginnings in the 1970s, their current size and structure and it presents forecasts for their future development. In addition, it highlights and explains similarities as well as differences between the solar energy markets of these two East African countries. The paper is based on an extensive literature survey that takes account of academic as well as grey literature. The literature review has been complemented by 25 in-depth personal interviews with experts on the East African solar energy market. The solar market of Kenya is found to be one of the world’s leading markets for off-grid solar uses, with an installed capacity of around 10 MWp and over 300,000 solar home systems. The Tanzanian solar market developed much later than the Kenyan market and still remains smaller than its neighbour, with an installed capacity of around 4 MWp and 40,000 solar home systems. In addition to solar home systems, other segments for uses of solar energy in social institutions, telecoms and tourism are also covered. Furthermore, the paper describes a number of differences and similarities between the Kenyan and Tanzanian solar markets and puts forward some likely explanations for these. It then highlights some initial policy implications regarding the regulation and promotion of solar energy in East Africa. Awareness, availability and affordability are found to be major drivers that all need to be present to enable the widespread uptake of off-grid solar technologies in emerging markets.