Impact of weather types on UK ambient particulate matter concentrations
Impact of weather types on UK ambient particulate matter concentrations
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100061
复制
发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
McQuaid, James B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graham, Ailish M.;Pringle, Kirsty J.;McQuaid, James B.
在英国，每年有超过2.9万人的过早死亡与长期暴露在直径小于2.5微米(PM2.5)的环境颗粒物(PM)有关。许多研究都集中在PM暴露的长期影响上，但短期内污染的增加也会加剧健康影响，导致暴露在PM中的人群提前死亡。这项研究调查了不同的大气环流模式对英国PM2.5浓度的影响，以及当地和跨境污染物对PM2.5浓度变化的相对贡献。来自42个英国背景站点的PM2.5日平均观测表明，东风、东南风和南风方向以及反气旋环流模式使所有英国站点的PM2.5背景浓度增加了12微克m(-3)。回溯轨迹分析和欧洲监测和评估方案英国模式(EMEP4UK)的结果表明，这是由于来自欧洲大陆的污染物跨界运输造成的。而后向轨迹表明，在北风、东南风和南风下，累积的初级PM2.5排放总量的25%-50%来自英国以外，污染严重的足迹(0.25-0.35微克m(-2))。频繁出现的反气旋条件(21%)也会导致PM2.5浓度增加(英国多年平均值14.7微克米(-3))。EMEP4UK的结果表明，这可能是由于风力减弱导致当地排放量增加所致。在西风和西北风气流下，累积的初级PM2.5排放总量的15%-30%来自英国以外，污染要小得多(0.1微克m(-2))，模式结果表明清洁的海洋气团从大西洋输送过来。结果表明，风向和反气旋条件下的稳定性对控制整个英国的环境PM2.5浓度都很重要。PM2.5日空气质量指数(DAQI)值与东风、东南风和偏南风有很强的相关性，观测到的48-71+mgm(-3)浓度有70%发生在这些风向下。在西风、西北风和偏北风方向上，PM2.5(D)AQI值最低，分别为0-11微克m(-3)浓度的80%和12-23微克m(-3)浓度的50%。这表明，这些情况很可能与暴露在环境中的PM2.5水平对健康的潜在影响减少有关。
Each year more than 29,000 premature deaths in the UK are linked to long term-exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) with a diameter less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5). Many studies have focused on the long-term impacts of exposure to PM, but short-term increases in pollution can also exacerbate health effects, leading to deaths brought forward within exposed populations. This study investigates the impact of different atmospheric circulation patterns on UK PM2.5 concentrations and the relative contribution of local and transboundary pollutants to variations in PM2.5 concentrations. Daily mean PM2.5 observations from 42 UK background sites indicate that easterly, south-easterly and southerly wind directions and anticyclonic circulation patterns enhance background concentrations of PM2.5 at all UK sites by up to 12 mu g m(-3). Results from back trajectory analysis and the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme for UK model (EMEP4UK) show this is due to the transboundary transport of pollutants from continental Europe. While back trajectories indicate under easterly, south-easterly and southerly flow 25-50% of the total accumulated primary PM2.5 emissions originate outside of the UK, with a very polluted footprint (0.25-0.35 mu g m(-2)). Anticyclonic conditions, which occur frequently (21%), also lead to increases in PM2.5 concentrations (UK multi-annual mean 14.7 mu g m(-3)). EMEP4UK results indicate this is likely due the build-up of local emissions due to slack winds. Under westerly and north-westerly flow 15-30% of the total accumulated primary PM2.5 emissions originate outside of the UK, and are much less polluted (0.1 mu g m(-2)) with model results indicating transport of clean maritime air masses from the Atlantic. Results indicate that both wind-direction and stability under anticyclonic conditions are important in controlling ambient PM2.5 concentrations across the UK. There is also a strong dependence of high PM2.5 Daily Air Quality Index (DAQI) values on easterly, south-easterly and southerly wind-directions, with >70% of occurrences of observed 48-71+ mu g m(-3) concentrations occurring under these wind directions. While north-westerly and cyclonic conditions reduce PM2.5 concentrations at all sites by up to 8 mu g m(-)3. PM2.5 (D)AQI values are also lowest under these conditions, with >80% of 0-11 mu g m(-3) concentrations and >50% of 12-23 mu g m(-3) concentrations observed during westerly, north-westerly and northerly wind directions. Indicating that these conditions are likely to be associated with a reduction in the potential health effects from exposure to ambient levels of PM2.5.