Exhaled Jet and Viral-Laden Aerosol Transport from Nasal Sneezing
Exhaled Jet and Viral-Laden Aerosol Transport from Nasal Sneezing
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DOI：
10.4209/aaqr.210338
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Hana Salati;D. Fletcher;M. Khamooshi;Jingliang Dong;Kazuhide Ito;S. Vahaji;K. Inthavong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hana Salati;D. Fletcher;M. Khamooshi;Jingliang Dong;Kazuhide Ito;S. Vahaji;K. Inthavong
人们认识到新冠肺炎的传播主要通过空中传播，这再次带来了了解患者产生的气雾剂传播的紧迫性。口腔咳嗽产生的携带病毒的气雾剂已经得到了很好的研究；然而，由鼻喷嚏产生的气雾剂却被忽视了。这种情况发生于患有过敏性鼻窦炎或鼻腔刺激的患者，特别是在鼻内窥镜检查期间。鼻喷嚏的特征是从鼻孔喷出爆炸性的空气，这可以被认为是双喷流，导致携带病毒的气雾剂扩散，使其悬浮在空气中。这项研究使用计算流体力学方法来模拟气流，并使用离散相模型来跟踪鼻喷嚏过程中气溶胶的扩散。结果表明，鼻腔喷嚏时呼出的气流射流具有两个平行射流同向流动的流动特性。这两股喷流在融合区相互干扰，合并后，喷嚏羽流呈放射状扩张。鼻喷嚏在核心区形成一个V形的羽状物，颗粒较小。在打喷嚏结束时，当呼出的喷流失去初始动量时，大颗粒的扩散是由重力主导的。我们检测到了一种将飞沫从体内输送出去的“喷嚏喷雾”的存在，这类似于最近新冠肺炎对口腔咳嗽的研究中观察到的那种浮力喷雾。
The recognition that the spread of COVID-19 is primarily through airborne transmission has brought renewed urgency to understand the spread of aerosols generated from patients. Viral-laden aerosols generated from oral coughs have been well studied;however, aerosols generated from nasal sneezing has been overlooked. This scenario arises from patients who suffer allergenic rhinosinusitis, or the nasal cavity is irritated, particularly during naso-endoscopy. Nasal sneezing is characterised by an explosive blast of air exiting the nostrils, which can be considered as dual jets, resulting in the spread of viral-laden aerosols remaining suspended in the air. This study used computational fluid dynamics consisting of a hybrid RANS-LES turbulence method to model the airflow and the discrete phase model to track aerosol dispersion during nasal sneezing. The results demonstrated that the exhaled airflow jets during nasal sneezing resemble the flow characteristics of two parallel jets in co-flow. These two jets interfere with each other in the merging zone, and after they merge, the sneeze plume expands radially. The nasal sneeze forms a V-shaped plume with smaller particles in the core region. At the end of the sneeze, when the exhaled jets have lost their initial momentum, the large particle dispersion is dominated by gravity. We detected the presence of a 'sneeze puff' that transport droplets away from the body, similar to the buoyant puff observed in recent COVID-19 studies of oral coughs.