Estimation of divergence times for major lineages of primate species
Estimation of divergence times for major lineages of primate species
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msg050
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Nei, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glazko, GV;Nei, M
虽然灵长类物种的主要谱系的系统发育关系相对较好地建立，这些谱系的分歧的时间估计的分子数据仍然有争议。这一争议的产生部分是因为不同的作者使用了不同类型的分子数据，不同的统计方法和不同的校准点。因此，我们研究了这些因素对发散时间估计的影响，并得出以下结论：（1）建议将多个基因序列连接起来，使用多基因伽马距离来估计发散时间，而不是使用单个基因的方法。(2)当来自许多核基因的序列数据可用时，蛋白质序列似乎比DNA序列给出更稳健的估计。(3)核蛋白通常比线粒体蛋白更适合于时间估计。(4)重要的是首先利用一些外群构建一组物种的系统发育树，然后估计分支长度。(5)使用几个可靠的校准点似乎比使用许多不可靠的校准点更好。考虑到所有这些因素并使用两个校准点，我们估计人类谱系与黑猩猩、大猩猩、猩猩、旧世界猴和新世界猴谱系的分歧约为6 MYA（范围为5-7）、7 MYA（范围为6-8）、13 MYA（范围为12-15）、23 MYA（范围为21-25）和33 MYA（范围为32-36）。
dAlthough the phylogenetic relationships of major lineages of primate species are relatively well established, the times of divergence of these lineages as estimated by molecular data are still controversial. This controversy has been generated in part because different authors have used different types of molecular data, different statistical methods, and different calibration points. We have therefore examined the effects of these factors on the estimates of divergence times and reached the following conclusions: (1) It is advisable to concatenate many gene sequences and use a multigene gamma distance for estimating divergence times rather than using the individual gene approach. (2) When sequence data from many nuclear genes are available, protein sequences appear to give more robust estimates than DNA sequences. (3) Nuclear proteins are generally more suitable than mitochondrial proteins for time estimation. (4) It is important first to construct a phylogenetic tree for a group of species using some outgroups and then estimate the branch lengths. (5) It appears to be better to use a few reliable calibration points rather than many unreliable ones. Considering all these factors and using two calibration points, we estimated that the human lineage diverged from the chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, Old World monkey, and New World monkey lineages approximately 6 MYA (with a range of 5-7), 7 MYA (range, 6-8), 13 MYA (range, 12-15), 23 MYA (range, 21-25), and 33 MYA (range 32-36).