Infant Calming Responses during Maternal Carrying in Humans and Mice
Infant Calming Responses during Maternal Carrying in Humans and Mice
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.041
复制
发表时间：
2013-05-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Kuroda, Kumi O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Esposito, Gianluca;Yoshida, Sachine;Kuroda, Kumi O.
研究背景：母婴联结是哺乳动物婴儿最早和最重要的社会关系。为了促进这种联系，婴儿有天生的行为，通过声音和身体运动与母亲沟通，寻求母亲的接近和抗议分离。然而，调节这些婴儿behaviors.Results的生理机制仍然在很大程度上undefined.Results：在这里，我们展示了一套新颖的婴儿合作反应，在产妇携带。与坐着的母亲相比，由行走的母亲抱着的6个月以下的婴儿立即停止了自主运动和哭泣，并表现出快速的心率下降。此外，我们确定了惊人的相似的反应，在小鼠幼崽定义为不动和减少超声发声和心率。使用药理学和遗传干预小鼠幼崽，我们确定了上游和下游的神经系统调节平静的反应。躯体感觉和本体感觉输入信号是诱导所必需的，副交感神经和小脑功能分别介导心脏和运动输出。平静的反应的损失阻碍了产妇抢救的幼崽，表明一个功能的重要性，确定的平静response.Conclusions：我们的研究已经证明了第一次，婴儿平静的反应，产妇携带是一个协调的一套中央，电机和心脏的规定，是一个保守的组成部分，哺乳动物母婴相互作用。我们的研究结果提供了证据，并有可能影响目前的育儿理论和实践，因为无法安抚的哭泣是虐待儿童的主要风险因素。
Background: Mother-infant bonding is the earliest and most critical social relationship of mammalian infants. To promote this bond, infants have innate behaviors to seek maternal proximity and protest upon separation via communication with the mother vocally and through body movement. However, the physiological mechanisms regulating these infant behaviors remain largely undefined.Results: Here we show a novel set of infant cooperative responses during maternal carrying. Infants under 6 months of age carried by a walking mother immediately stopped voluntary movement and crying and exhibited a rapid heart rate decrease, compared with holding by a sitting mother. Furthermore, we identified strikingly similar responses in mouse pups as defined by immobility and diminished ultrasonic vocalizations and heart rate. Using pharmacologic and genetic interventions in mouse pups, we identified the upstream and downstream neural systems regulating the calming response. Somatosensory and proprioceptive input signaling are required for induction, and parasympathetic and cerebellar functions mediate cardiac and motor output, respectively. The loss of the calming response hindered maternal rescue of the pups, suggesting a functional significance for the identified calming response.Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated for the first time that the infant calming response to maternal carrying is a coordinated set of central, motor, and cardiac regulations and is a conserved component of mammalian mother-infant interactions. Our findings provide evidence for and have the potential to impact current parenting theory and practice, since unsoothable crying is the major risk factor for child abuse.