More is not always better: An experimental individual-level validation of the randomized response technique and the crosswise model.
More is not always better: An experimental individual-level validation of the randomized response technique and the crosswise model.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0201770
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jann B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Höglinger M;Jann B
社会期望和对制裁的恐惧会使受访者不敢如实回答敏感问题。自我报告的违规行为，如入店行窃、不投票或逃税，可能会有相当大的误报。为了减轻这种反应偏差，人们提出了各种间接问题技术，如随机反应技术（RRT）。我们评估了几种流行的RRT变体的可行性，包括最近提出的横向模型RRT，通过比较受访者在骰子游戏中作弊的自我报告和实际作弊行为，从而区分假阴性（少报）和假阳性（多报）。该研究已经在Amazon Mechanical Turk （N = 6,505）上进行了在线调查。我们的两个验证设计的结果表明，在我们的调查中实施的强迫反应RRT和不相关问题RRT，与传统的直接询问相比，未能减少误报的水平。对于横向模型RRT，我们确实观察到假阴性的减少。然而，与此同时，假阳性的增加是不可忽视的；以前依赖于比较或总体水平验证的评估研究无法检测到的缺陷。总的来说，没有一种被评估的间接技巧比传统的直接提问表现得更好。此外，我们的研究证明了识别假阴性和假阳性的重要性，以避免关于间接敏感问题技术有效性的错误结论。
Social desirability and the fear of sanctions can deter survey respondents from responding truthfully to sensitive questions. Self-reports on norm breaking behavior such as shoplifting, non-voting, or tax evasion may thus be subject to considerable misreporting. To mitigate such response bias, various indirect question techniques, such as the randomized response technique (RRT), have been proposed. We evaluate the viability of several popular variants of the RRT, including the recently proposed crosswise-model RRT, by comparing respondents’ self-reports on cheating in dice games to actual cheating behavior, thereby distinguishing between false negatives (underreporting) and false positives (overreporting). The study has been implemented as an online survey on Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 6, 505). Our results from two validation designs indicate that the forced-response RRT and the unrelated-question RRT, as implemented in our survey, fail to reduce the level of misreporting compared to conventional direct questioning. For the crosswise-model RRT we do observe a reduction of false negatives. At the same time, however, there is a non-ignorable increase in false positives; a flaw that previous evaluation studies relying on comparative or aggregate-level validation could not detect. Overall, none of the evaluated indirect techniques outperformed conventional direct questioning. Furthermore, our study demonstrates the importance of identifying false negatives as well as false positives to avoid false conclusions about the validity of indirect sensitive question techniques.
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