Sensory Responsiveness Is Linked With Communication in Infant Siblings of Children With and Without Autism
Sensory Responsiveness Is Linked With Communication in Infant Siblings of Children With and Without Autism
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DOI：
10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00196
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发表时间：
2021-06-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Woynaroski, Tiffany G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feldman, Jacob I.;Raj, Sweeya;Woynaroski, Tiffany G.
目的：沟通发展的差异影响自闭症儿童的长期结果。先前的研究已经确定了与自闭症儿童沟通相关的因素，但沟通技巧的大部分差异仍然无法解释。有人提出，感觉反应的早期差异（即反应低下、反应过度和感觉寻求）可能会对沟通产生“级联效应”。然而，这一理论的证据是有限的，因为在发展的最初阶段，感觉反应和交流之间的关系尚未得到很好的确立。本研究的目的是评估（a）自闭症诊断可能性较高的婴儿（即，有自闭症哥哥姐姐的婴儿）在感觉反应模式上是否不同于一般群体中自闭症可能性较高的婴儿（即，有年长的非自闭症兄弟姐妹的婴儿），（b）早期感觉反应是否与并发交流相关，以及（c）上述组间差异和关联是否受到年龄的调节。方法：参与者共有 40 名年龄为 12-18 个月的婴儿（其中 20 名婴儿的哥哥姐姐患有自闭症，20 名婴儿的哥哥姐姐患有非自闭症）。对感觉反应性和沟通技巧进行了一系列观察和家长报告测量。结果：在 12 至 18 个月期间，感觉反应性的组间差异是有限的（即，仅观察到一种低反应性测量），尽管在此发育窗口期间各组之间出现了感觉反应性的选择性差异（即家长报告的高反应性和感觉寻求）。家长报告的反应低下与沟通技巧无条件地呈负相关。表达性沟通与（a）父母报告的感官寻求和（b）高反应性观察测量之间的关联受到年龄的调节。 结论：这项研究提供了关于感觉反应性本质的新见解，以及在一般人群诊断自闭症可能性较高的婴儿中与沟通技巧的理论联系。需要进一步的工作来更好地描述跨越更广泛年龄范围的更大样本中的兴趣影响。补充材料：https://doi.org/10.23641/asha。 14515542
Purpose: Differences in communication development impact long-term outcomes of children with autism. Previous research has identified factors associated with communication in children with autism, but much of the variance in communication skill remains unexplained. It has been proposed that early differences in sensory responsiveness (i.e., hyporesponsiveness, hyperresponsiveness, and sensory seeking) may produce "cascading effects" on communication. Evidence for this theory is limited, however, as relations between sensory responsiveness and communication in the earliest stages of development have not been well established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate (a) whether infants with a heightened likelihood of autism diagnosis (i.e., infants with an older sibling with autism) differ from infants at general population-level likelihood of autism (i.e., infants with an older, nonautistic sibling) on patterns of sensory responsiveness, (b) whether early sensory responsiveness is correlated with concurrent communication, and (c) whether the aforementioned between groups differences and associations are moderated by age.Method: Participants were 40 infants (20 infants with an older sibling with autism, 20 infants with an older, nonautistic sibling) aged 12-18 months. A series of observational and parent report measures of sensory responsiveness and communication skill were administered.Results: Group differences in sensory responsiveness across the 12-to 18-month period were limited (i.e., only observed for one measure of hyporesponsiveness), though selected differences in sensory responsiveness (i.e., parent-reported hyperresponsiveness and sensory seeking) emerged between groups over this developmental window. Parent-reported hyporesponsiveness was unconditionally, negatively associated with communication skills. Associations between expressive communication and (a) parent-reported sensory seeking and (b) an observational measure of hyperresponsiveness were moderated by age.Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the nature of sensory responsiveness and theorized links with communication skill in infants at elevated and general population-level likelihood of autism diagnosis. Further work is needed to better characterize the effects of interest in a larger sample spanning a wider age range.Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha. 14515542