The Fourfold Pattern of Risk Attitudes in Choice and Pricing Tasks*
The Fourfold Pattern of Risk Attitudes in Choice and Pricing Tasks*
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02312.x
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Vesterlund, Lise
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harbaugh, William T. .;Krause, Kate;Vesterlund, Lise
我们考察了风险态度的四种模式在两种诱导程序下的稳健性。我们发现，平均而言，当我们为赌博定价时，个体比低概率收益和高概率损失更喜欢冒险，比高概率收益和低概率损失更厌恶风险。然而，基于选择的启发式程序，参与者在赌博和预期价值之间做出选择，产生的个人决定与随机选择没有什么区别。对启发式程序的敏感性在参与者之间和参与者内部保持不变，当参与者被允许审查和改变决定时，这种敏感性仍然存在。价格诱导过程更为复杂；这一发现可能进一步证明，认知负荷的增加会加剧行为异常。
We examine the robustness of the fourfold pattern of risk attitudes under two elicitation procedures. We find that individuals are, on average, risk-seeking over low-probability gains and high-probability losses and risk-averse over high-probability gains and low-probability losses when we elicit prices for the gambles. However, a choice-based elicitation procedure, where participants choose between a gamble and its expected value, yields individual decisions that are indistinguishable from random choice. Sensitivity to elicitation procedure holds between and within participants, and remains when participants are allowed to review and change decisions. The price elicitation procedure is more complex; this finding may be further evidence that an increase in cognitive load exacerbates behavioural anomalies.