Mechanically Responsive Materials for Soft Robotics
Mechanically Responsive Materials for Soft Robotics
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DOI：
10.1002/9783527822201
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Antoniya Toncheva;L. Blanc;P. Lambert;P. Dubois;-. Jean;Marie Raquez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Antoniya Toncheva;L. Blanc;P. Lambert;P. Dubois;-. Jean;Marie Raquez
从最初的原材料到新一代功能聚合物器件的制造，化学将在未来的发现中发挥至关重要的作用。为了定义下一波创新方向，材料科学家和化学家需要与各种行业合作伙伴、工艺和硬件工程师以及设备设计师建立高效的协作网络。该网络应配备良好，以在相对较短的时间内处理从实验室环境到工业规模的转移，并提高工艺产率。材料科学的最新趋势集中在设计具有仿生特征的机器人系统，这些系统由轻质，低成本和高效材料制成[1]。通常，这样的系统必须满足诸如紧凑性、准确性、安全性、动态性和在特定环境中的兼容性的要求。自然，柔性机械或软机器人的发展，其中软可变形材料是主要的构建块，特别感兴趣[2]。与由硬材料制成的传统机器人相比，硬材料限制了它们弹性变形的能力，并使其形状适应外部约束和障碍物，软机器人由流体，凝胶，功能聚合物和其他容易变形的物质组成。在很大程度上，它们的特征在于软生物物质的相同弹性和流变特性，即使在拉伸和挤压（例如，硅树脂材料）时也允许机器人保持操作。软机器人系统的另一个优点是其安全性（在保形接触，连续运动和低冲击力的发展过程中减少应力集中），使它们能够安全地与人类合作并在受限环境中转向[3]。尽管具有无可争议的优点（低杨氏模量和高弹性和抗疲劳值），但硅树脂材料通常通过模制和铸造生产，并且受到有限的致动刺激，例如气动致动。
From the initial raw materials to the fabrication of a new generation functional polymer devices, chemistry would be playing a crucial role in the discoveries of tomorrow. To define the next wave of innovative directions, material scientists and chemists need to build an efficient collaboration network with various industry partners, process and hardware engineers, and device designers. This network should be well equipped to deal with the transfer from laboratory settings to the industrial scale, in relatively short periods of time, and elevated process yields. Latest trends in the materials science focus on the design of robotic systems with biomimetic characteristics made from lightweight, low-cost, and high-efficient materials [1]. Generally, such systems must address requirements such as compactness, accuracy, safety, dynamics, and compatibility in specific environments. Naturally, the development of flexible mechanics or soft robotics, where the soft deformable materials being the primary building blocks, are of particular interest [2]. In contrast to conventional robots made of hard materials that limit their ability to elastically deform and adapt their shape to external constraints and obstacles, the soft robots are composed of fluids, gels, functional polymers, and other easily deformable matter. They a re a lso c haracterized, to large extend, by the same elastic and rheological properties of soft biological matter, allowing the robot to remain operational even as it is stretched and squeezed (e.g. silicone materials). Another advantage of the soft robotic systems is their safety (reduced stress concentration during conformal contacts, continuous motion, and development of low-impact forces), making them safely cooperating with humans and steering through constrained environments [3]. Despite the indisputable advantages (low Young’s modulus and high elastic and fatigue resistance values), silicone materials are often produced through molding and casting, and are subject to limit actuating stimuli such as pneumatic