Orders out of chaos--molecular phylogenetics reveals the complexity of shark and stingray tapeworm relationships.
Orders out of chaos--molecular phylogenetics reveals the complexity of shark and stingray tapeworm relationships.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.10.004
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发表时间：
2014-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Littlewood DT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caira JN;Jensen K;Waeschenbach A;Olson PD;Littlewood DT
新的分子数据，以解决长期存在的问题，非单系的板鳃类宿主绦虫命令Tetraphyllidea相对于其他acetabulate真绦虫订单。贝叶斯推断分析的各种组合的完整的ssrDNA，和完整或部分lsrDNA（D1-D3），序列数据，其中包括134种，代表97属横跨15个真绦虫目，进行。82个物种产生了新的ssrDNA数据，53个物种产生了部分lsrDNA数据，29个物种产生了完整的lsrDNA数据。每一个板鳃类宿主的目的Cathetocephalidea，Litobothriidea，Lecanicephalidea和Rhinebothriidea的单系被证实，因为是Tetraphyllidea的非单系。出现了两个相对稳定的四叶纲分类群，并在此被指定为新的目。鱼科为了确认一个未描述的和十个已描述的带钩的四叶虫属的综合性质，以前属于Onchobothriidae科，与Proteocephalidea目的成员。Phyllobothriidea n. Ord.是建立了一个子集的12个非钩属的特点是，有四个bothridia每一个前面的附属吸盘;大多数寄生鲨鱼，并已被分配到Phyllobothriidae在一个时间或另一个。暂定顺序放置建议为8个额外的属;放置其余的四叶纲属尚未出现。我们建议这17个属仍然在“Tetraphyllidea”。其中，特别不稳定的分析是花槽绦虫属，巨脊绦虫属，果槽绦虫属，Calliobothrium和柄槽绦虫属。独特的协会嵌合体与holocephalans，而不是与板鳃类，似乎代表了主机切换事件。这两种非板鳃类动物都寄生有髋臼绦虫的分支（即，Proteocephalidea和Cyclophyllidea及其亲属）似乎与板鳃绦虫有其起源。通过分析，发现“陆地”绦虫目分支的姐妹群是一个以板鳃亚纲为宿主的属;淡水鱼和四足动物为宿主的Proteocephalidea的姐妹也是如此。虽然需要进一步的数据来解决悬而未决的命名和系统发育问题，本分析有助于显着了解整个绦虫的进化辐射。很明显，板鳃绦虫构成了绦虫的骨架。
Novel molecular data are presented to resolve the long-standing issue of the non-monophyly of the elasmobranch-hosted tapeworm order Tetraphyllidea relative to the other acetabulate eucestode orders. Bayesian Inference analyses of various combinations of full ssrDNA, and full or partial lsrDNA (D1-D3), sequence data, which included 134 species representing 97 genera across the 15 eucestode orders, were conducted. New ssrDNA data were generated for 82 species, partial lsrDNA data for 53 species, and full lsrDNA data for 29 species. The monophyly of each of the elasmobranch-hosted orders Cathetocephalidea, Litobothriidea, Lecanicephalidea, and Rhinebothriidea was confirmed, as was the non-monophyly of the Tetraphyllidea. Two relatively stable groups of tetraphyllidean taxa emerged and are hereby designated as new orders. The Onchoproteocephalidea n. ord. is established to recognize the integrated nature of one undescribed and ten described genera of hook-bearing tetraphyllideans, previously of the family Onchobothriidae, with the members of the order Proteocephalidea. The Phyllobothriidea n. ord. is established for a subset of 12 non-hooked genera characterized by scoleces bearing four bothridia each with an anterior accessory sucker; most parasitise sharks and have been assigned to the Phyllobothriidae at one time or another. Tentative ordinal placements are suggested for 8 additional genera; placements for the remaining tetraphyllidean genera have not yet emerged. We propose these 17 genera remain in the “Tetraphyllidea”. Among these, particularly labile across analyses were Anthobothrium, Megalonchos, Carpobothrium, Calliobothrium, and Caulobothrium. The unique association of Chimaerocestus with holocephalans, rather than with elasmobranchs, appears to represent a host-switching event. Both of the non-elasmobranch hosted clades of acetabulate cestodes (i.e., Proteocephalidea and Cyclophyllidea and their kin) appear to have had their origins with elasmobranch cestodes. Across analyses, the sister group to the clade of “terrestrial” cestode orders was found to be an elasmobranch-hosted genus; as was the sister to the freshwater fish and tetrapod-hosted Proteocephalidea. Whilst further data are required to resolve outstanding nomenclatural and phylogenetic issues, the present analyses contribute significantly to an understanding of the evolutionary radiation of the entire Cestoda. Clearly, elasmobranch tapeworms comprise the backbone of cestode phylogeny.