Chitin Metabolic Pathways in Insects and Their Regulation
Chitin Metabolic Pathways in Insects and Their Regulation
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-40740-1_2
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Muthukrishnan;H. Merzendorfer;Y. Arakane;Qing Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Muthukrishnan;H. Merzendorfer;Y. Arakane;Qing Yang
甲壳素是节肢动物外骨骼的基质聚合物，有三种形式，具有不同的结构和力学性能。在昆虫角质层和周营养基质中，单个几丁质链进一步组织成更高阶的结构，使几丁质基质具有独特的和广泛不同的性质，如刚性、弹性和防水。本章综述了几丁质生物合成、降解和修饰的生化途径。在许多情况下，有多个同工酶进行几丁质代谢的每一步，同工酶家族成员之间的分工。介绍了几丁质代谢酶的基因家族及其调控。本文讨论了基因缺失研究和RNA干扰所揭示的几丁质代谢同工酶在家族中的作用。简要概述了甲壳素与不同种类蛋白质的结合如何改变甲壳素基质的性质。
Chitin, the matrix polymer of arthropod exoskeleton, occurs in three forms that have different structural and mechanical properties. In the insect cuticle and the peritrophic matrix, individual chitin chains are further organized into higher order structures that give chitinous matrices their unique and widely differing properties such as rigidity, elasticity and waterproofing. In this chapter, we review the biochemical pathways of chitin biosynthesis, degradation and modification. In many cases, there are multiple isozymes for carrying out each step of chitin metabolism with specialization among members of families of isozymes. The gene families encoding the enzymes of chitin metabolism and their regulation are presented. The roles of chitin metabolism isoenzymes within families as revealed by gene deletion studies or RNA interference are discussed. How the association of chitin with different assortments of proteins modifies the properties of chitin matrices is briefly outlined.