Signal Interchange During Mating in the Wood Mouse (Apodemus Sylvaticus): The Concept of Active and Passive Signalling
Signal Interchange During Mating in the Wood Mouse (Apodemus Sylvaticus): The Concept of Active and Passive Signalling
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木鼠（Apodemus Sylvaticus）交配过程中的信号交换：主动和被动信号传导的概念
DOI：
10.1163/156853998793066339
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Stopka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Macdonald;Stopka
[信号传递可以为哺乳动物交配的协调和步调提供一种手段。为了在林鼠身上验证这一假说，我们进行了两个实验。在第一个实验中，为了量化和探索发情对木鼠的影响，单笼雌性发情时间较短(1天)，发情周期较长(9天以上)。此外，在同一笼子中有另外两只雌性的存在时，发情的长度略有被抑制。。然而，在用钢丝网将雄性与雌性关在一起的情况下，发情周期的延长和发情周期的缩短是典型的。影响木鼠发情长度的主要因素是交替性不熟悉雄鼠的存在。负责调节发情和发情周期的信号称为被动信号。这是因为他们是无意的，而且很强烈。依赖于内部生理机制，也因为对它们的反应是长期的(以天为单位)。第二个实验旨在研究交配的行为协调性。为此，我们对交配的长序列进行了马尔科夫链分析--在这个物种中，交配是一个过程，包括两个不同的阶段：交配前和交配行为，这两个阶段都有独特的过程。这些过程在很大程度上依赖于主动信号的交换，这是有意的，持续时间很短。在交配前阶段，雄性在梳理毛发的过程中刺激雌性，并反复进行肛门接触。在交配阶段，雄性追逐雌性--它们在很短的持续时间内反复停下来进行插入或射精。这些阶段是一个由女性驱动的过程。因此，交配行为是由雌性的标点符号来控制的。信号可能为哺乳动物的交配提供了一种协调和步调的手段。为了在林鼠身上验证这一假说，我们进行了两个实验。在第一个实验中，为了量化和探索发情对木鼠的影响，单笼雌性发情时间较短(1天)，发情周期较长(9天以上)。此外，在同一笼子中有另外两只雌性的存在时，发情的长度略有被抑制。。然而，在用钢丝网将雄性与雌性关在一起的情况下，发情周期的延长和发情周期的缩短是典型的。影响木鼠发情长度的主要因素是交替性不熟悉雄鼠的存在。负责调节发情和发情周期的信号称为被动信号。这是因为他们是无意的，而且很强烈。依赖于内部生理机制，也因为对它们的反应是长期的(以天为单位)。第二个实验旨在研究交配的行为协调性。为此，我们对交配的长序列进行了马尔科夫链分析--在这个物种中，交配是一个过程，包括两个不同的阶段：交配前和交配行为，这两个阶段都有独特的过程。这些过程在很大程度上依赖于主动信号的交换，这是有意的，持续时间很短。在交配前阶段，雄性在梳理毛发的过程中刺激雌性，并反复进行肛门接触。在交配阶段，雄性追逐雌性--它们在很短的持续时间内反复停下来进行插入或射精。这些阶段是一个由女性驱动的过程。因此，交配行为由雌性的标点符号来控制。]
[Signalling may provide a means for the coordination and pacing of matings in mammals. To test this hypothesis in the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, which was designed to quantify, and explore the influences upon wood mouse oestrus, oestrus in the females caged singly, was relatively short (one day) and the oestrous cycle relatively long (up to 9 days). Further, in the presence of another two females in the same cage, the length of oestrus was slightly suppressed . . However, prolongation of oestrus and curtailment of the oestrous cycle were typical for females caged with males from which they were separated by wire mesh. The main influence on the length of wood mice oestrus was the presence of alternating-unfamiliar males. The signals responsible for the modulation of oestrus and oestrus cycle are called passive signals. This is because they are unintentional and strongly . depel1dent on internal physiological mechanisms, and also because the responses to them are of long duration (measured in days). The second experiment aimed to study the behavioural coordination of copulations. For this we used the Markov chain analysis for the long sequences of mating — which in this species emerges as a process which includes two distinct phases: precopulatory and copulatory behaviour, both of which have characteristic processes. These processes largely depend on the exchange of active signals, which are intentional and of a short duration. During the precopulatory phase, the male stimulates the female during grooming sessions and repeated anogenital contacts. During the copulatory phase, the male pursues the female — they repeatedly stop for intromission or ejaculation during mounts of very short duration. These phases are a female-driven process. Copulatory behaviour is, therefore, paced by the female's punctuation., Signalling may provide a means for the coordination and pacing of matings in mammals. To test this hypothesis in the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, which was designed to quantify, and explore the influences upon wood mouse oestrus, oestrus in the females caged singly, was relatively short (one day) and the oestrous cycle relatively long (up to 9 days). Further, in the presence of another two females in the same cage, the length of oestrus was slightly suppressed . . However, prolongation of oestrus and curtailment of the oestrous cycle were typical for females caged with males from which they were separated by wire mesh. The main influence on the length of wood mice oestrus was the presence of alternating-unfamiliar males. The signals responsible for the modulation of oestrus and oestrus cycle are called passive signals. This is because they are unintentional and strongly . depel1dent on internal physiological mechanisms, and also because the responses to them are of long duration (measured in days). The second experiment aimed to study the behavioural coordination of copulations. For this we used the Markov chain analysis for the long sequences of mating — which in this species emerges as a process which includes two distinct phases: precopulatory and copulatory behaviour, both of which have characteristic processes. These processes largely depend on the exchange of active signals, which are intentional and of a short duration. During the precopulatory phase, the male stimulates the female during grooming sessions and repeated anogenital contacts. During the copulatory phase, the male pursues the female — they repeatedly stop for intromission or ejaculation during mounts of very short duration. These phases are a female-driven process. Copulatory behaviour is, therefore, paced by the female's punctuation.]