Delivering Integrated Coastal-zone Management through Land-use Planning-猫眼课题宝

通过土地利用规划实现沿海地区综合管理

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2002

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P. Allmendinger;A. Barker;S. Stead

海岸带综合管理(ICZM)是一个流行的概念。从1970年代早期开始，它现在是国际公约和协定的一部分，也是在地方一级制定和指导注意的一部分(Gubbay，2001)。人们日益认识到，成功的环境资源管理有赖于从部门管理方法向对“自然系统”提供更大程度敏感性的结构转变的能力，ICZM就是这一认识的一部分(Mitchell，1997；Bellamy等人，1999)。Margerum和Born认为，各级决策者已经对狭隘、渐进和脱节的环境管理所产生的结果感到不满，“而传统方法通常无法处理相互关联、复杂性、多角度、多用途和由此产生的交叉外部性”(1995，p.371)。针对这些担忧，出现了一系列综合环境管理(IEM)方法，这些方法寻求通过协调资源部门来实现多个目标(Mitchell，1990)。虽然综合环境管理办法有多种形式(除其他外，包括集水区管理、生态系统管理、流域管理和综合资源管理)，但它们包含一系列共同要素。通常，这些方法在区域而不是宏观范围内运作，认识到协调管理方法的必要性，涉及广泛的利益攸关方，并根据一套商定的环境和社会目标开展工作(Hooper等人，1999年)。正是鉴于资源利用模式性质的变化，我们看到越来越多的人有兴趣为沿海地区的管理制定更综合的办法。尽管沿海地区传统上被认为与更广泛的环境不同，因此缺乏政策和监管协调(Huggett，1998；Local

Integrated coastal-zone management (ICZM) is a concept in good currency. From early beginnings in the 1970s, it is now part of international conventions and agreements as well as framing and directing attention at the local level (Gubbay, 2001). ICZM is part of an increasing recognition that successful environmental resource management is dependent upon an ability to achieve a shift away from sectoral management approaches towards structures which provide a greater degree of sensitivity to ‘natural systems’ (Mitchell, 1997; Bellamy et al., 1999). Margerum & Born have argued that a decision makers at all levels have become dissatis ed with the outcomes resulting from narrowly focused, incremental, and disjointed environmental management” and that traditional approaches have usually a failed to deal with interconnections , complexities, multiple perspectives, multiple uses and the resulting cross cutting externalities” (1995, p. 371). In response to these concerns, a series of integrated environmental management (IEM) approaches have emerged which seek to achieve multiple objectives via the harmonisation of resource sectors (Mitchell, 1990). Whilst IEM approaches take many forms (including, inter alia, catchment-area management, ecosystem management, watershed management and integrated resource management) they contain a series of common elements. Typically, these approaches operate at the regional rather than the macro scale, recognise the need for coordinated management approaches, involve a wide range of stakeholders and work in accordance with an agreed set of environmental and social objectives (Hooper et al., 1999). It is in the light of the changing nature of resource-use paradigms that we see a growing interest in developing more integrative approaches towards the management of coastal areas. Whereas coastal areas have traditionally been regarded as being indistinct from the ‘wider environment’ and consequently have suffered from a lack of policy and regulatory coordination (Huggett, 1998; Local

Delivering Integrated Coastal-zone Management through Land-use Planning

通过土地利用规划实现沿海地区综合管理

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