Intelligence and the effects of perceptual processing demands, task difficulty and processing speed on P300, reaction time and movement time
Intelligence and the effects of perceptual processing demands, task difficulty and processing speed on P300, reaction time and movement time
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DOI：
10.1016/s0160-2896(99)80049-x
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Campbell, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Houlihan, M;Stelmack, R;Campbell, K
在斯滕贝格记忆扫描任务中记录记忆集和探针刺激的事件相关电位（ERP），并与多维能力倾向成套测验（MAB）的智力评分进行比较。在每次试验中改变记忆集，并同时呈现记忆集中的所有项目。只有探测刺激需要决定和反应。P300振幅的记忆集增加的记忆集的大小增加，这被认为是一个结果的需求的处理资源。P300波幅与MAB成绩呈弱负相关。与此相反，P300振幅的探针刺激的增加，记忆负荷和有一个模式的弱正相关与MAB分数。提示任务难度对记忆集合的P300波幅有影响。ERP的P300成分的潜伏期被用作信息处理的相对速度的指标。这允许在不需要物理响应的情况下评估处理速度。高能力的参与者表现出较长的P300潜伏期的记忆组刺激比低能力的参与者，而没有明显的影响P300潜伏期的探测刺激。这与P300潜伏期和智力之间关系的纯加工速度解释相矛盾。较长的P300潜伏期的记忆集表明，高能力的参与者比低能力的参与者投入更多的时间来刺激分析和规划。
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to the memory set and probe stimuli in a Sternberg memory-scanning task and compared to intelligence scores on the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB). The memory set was changed on each trial and all items in the memory set were presented simultaneously. Only the probe stimulus required a decision and response. P300 amplitude to the memory set increased as the memory set size increased; this is thought to be a result of the effects of demands for processing resources. A pattern of weak negative correlations were observed between P300 amplitude to the memory set and MAB scores. In contrast, P300 amplitude to the probe stimulus decreased with increases in memory set load and there was a pattern of weak positive correlations with MAB scores. It is suggested that P300 amplitude to the memory set is affected by task difficulty. The latency of the P300 component of the ERP was used as an indicator of the relative speed of information processing. This allows the assessment of processing speed without requiring a physical response. Higher-ability participants displayed longer P300 latency to the memory set stimulus than lower-ability participants while there was no discernable effect on P300 latency to the probe stimulus. This contradicts a pure speed of processing explanation of the relation between P300 latency and intelligence. The longer P300 latency to the memory set suggests that higher-ability participants devoted more time to stimulus analysis and planning than-lower ability participants.