Direct Observation of Repeated Infections With Endemic Coronaviruses
Direct Observation of Repeated Infections With Endemic Coronaviruses
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jiaa392
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Shaman, Jeffrey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Galanti, Marta;Shaman, Jeffrey
背景尽管对流行性严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）的适应性免疫机制尚不清楚，但对广泛流行的地方性冠状病毒HKU 1、229 E、NL 63和OC 43的免疫应答为了解重复感染风险提供了有用的参考。在这里，我们使用了2016年秋季至2018年春季在纽约市进行的主动抽样数据。我们将每周鼻拭子采集与191名参与者的呼吸道症状自我报告相结合，以调查地方性冠状病毒复发感染的概况。在这项研究中，12人多次对同一种冠状病毒检测呈阳性。我们发现在入组/首次感染后34周，至少一次检测阳性的概率与β冠状病毒HKU 1和OC 43复发的概率之间没有显著差异。我们还发现重复感染与症状严重程度之间没有显著相关性，但发现症状严重程度与属于同一家庭之间存在强相关性。这项研究提供的证据表明，在短于1年的时间窗口内，同一地方性冠状病毒的再感染并非非典型，先天免疫反应的遗传基础可能比先前感染后获得的免疫记忆更能决定感染的严重程度。
Background. Although the mechanisms of adaptive immunity to pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are still unknown, the immune response to the widespread endemic coronaviruses HKU1, 229E, NL63, and OC43 provide a useful reference for understanding repeat infection risk.Methods. Here we used data from proactive sampling carried out in New York City from fall 2016 to spring 2018. We combined weekly nasal swab collection with self-reports of respiratory symptoms from 191 participants to investigate the profile of recurring infections with endemic coronaviruses.Results. During the study, 12 individuals tested positive multiple times for the same coronavirus. We found no significant difference between the probability of testing positive at least once and the probability of a recurrence for the betacoronaviruses HKU1 and OC43 at 34 weeks after enrollment/first infection. We also found no significant association between repeat infections and symptom severity, but found strong association between symptom severity and belonging to the same family.Conclusions. This study provides evidence that reinfections with the same endemic coronavirus are not atypical in a time window shorter than 1 year and that the genetic basis of innate immune response may be a greater determinant of infection severity than immune memory acquired after a previous infection.