Time and information in perceptual adaptation to speech
Time and information in perceptual adaptation to speech
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2019.05.019
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Perrachione, Tyler K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Choi, Ja Young;Perrachione, Tyler K.
对说话者的知觉顺应使听者能够有效地解决可变的语音声学和抽象的语言表示之间的多对多映射。然而，言语感知模型没有深入研究成功适应所需的信息的种类和数量，也没有深入研究适应如何随着时间的推移而展开。在三个使用口语词汇快速分类的实验中，我们探索了特定说话者语境的数量(持续时间)、质量(语音细节)和时间连续性如何有助于促进对语音的知觉适应。在单一说话者和混合说话者的条件下，听话者识别语音易混淆的目标词单独存在，或者前面有不同长度和语音内容的载体短语，与目标词由同一说话者说出。混合语者的单词辨认速度总是比单语者慢。然而，来自说话者可变性的干扰随着先前语音持续时间的增加而减少，但不受先前说话者特定语音信息量的影响。此外，从适应中获得的效率依赖于先前语音和目标词之间的时间连续性。这些结果表明，对言语的知觉适应可以通过听觉流动模型来理解，其中听觉对象(例如，说话者)的知觉连续性有助于注意资源的分配，从而导致更有效的知觉处理。
Perceptual adaptation to a talker enables listeners to efficiently resolve the many-to-many mapping between variable speech acoustics and abstract linguistic representations. However, models of speech perception have not delved into the variety or the quantity of information necessary for successful adaptation, nor how adaptation unfolds over time. In three experiments using speeded classification of spoken words, we explored how the quantity (duration), quality (phonetic detail), and temporal continuity of talker-specific context contribute to facilitating perceptual adaptation to speech. In single-and mixed-talker conditions, listeners identified phonetically-confusable target words in isolation or preceded by carrier phrases of varying lengths and phonetic content, spoken by the same talker as the target word. Word identification was always slower in mixed-talker conditions than single-talker ones. However, interference from talker variability decreased as the duration of preceding speech increased but was not affected by the amount of preceding talker-specific phonetic information. Furthermore, efficiency gains from adaptation depended on temporal continuity between preceding speech and the target word. These results suggest that perceptual adaptation to speech may be understood via models of auditory streaming, where perceptual continuity of an auditory object (e.g., a talker) facilitates allocation of attentional resources, resulting in more efficient perceptual processing.