A Unified Model Spectrum for Anisotropic Stratified and Isotropic Turbulence in the Ocean and Atmosphere

A Unified Model Spectrum for Anisotropic Stratified and Isotropic Turbulence in the Ocean and Atmosphere
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海洋和大气中各向异性层状和各向同性湍流的统一模型谱

DOI:
10.1175/jpo-d-18-0092.1
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Kunze, Eric
Kunze, Eric
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kunze, Eric

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在低于Ozmidov波数(N3/ε)1/2的十年左右,也就是说,在内部重力波和各向同性湍流之间的尺度上,海洋和大气测量始终发现水平切变的k 1/3水平波数谱和水平温度梯度的Thandm − 1垂直切变和应变的垂直波数谱。维度缩放被用来构建模型光谱以下,以及以上的Ozmidov波数,再现观察到的光谱斜率和水平,在这两个波段的垂直和水平波数。纵横比在Ozmidov波数以下变得越来越各向异性,直到达到~O(f/N),其中水平剪切~f。在观测和数值模拟中发现的Ozmidov波数以下的前向能量级联表明,各向异性和各向同性湍流是相同的非线性下尺度能量级联耗散的表现,并且这种湍流级联起源于远低于Ozmidov波数的水平波数处的细尺度内波的各向异性不稳定性。当叶栅通过Ozmidov波数时,各向同性湍流出现,在Ozmidov波数处剪切变得足够强以克服分层。这与地球物理各向同性湍流直接来自破裂内波的现有范例形成对比。这种新的解释的意见要求新的方法来理解各向异性生成的地球物理湍流补丁。
In the decade or so below the Ozmidov wavenumber (N3/ε)1/2, that is, on scales between those attributed to internal gravity waves and isotropic turbulence, ocean and atmosphere measurements consistently findk1/3horizontal wavenumber spectra for horizontal shearuhand horizontal temperature gradientThandm−1vertical wavenumber spectra for vertical shearuzand strainξz. Dimensional scaling is used to construct model spectra below as well as above the Ozmidov wavenumber that reproduces observed spectral slopes and levels in these two bands in both vertical and horizontal wavenumber. Aspect ratios become increasingly anisotropic below the Ozmidov wavenumber until reaching ~O(f/N), where horizontal shearuh~f. The forward energy cascade below the Ozmidov wavenumber found in observations and numerical simulations suggests that anisotropic and isotropic turbulence are manifestations of the same nonlinear downscale energy cascade to dissipation, and that this turbulent cascade originates from anisotropic instability of finescale internal waves at horizontal wavenumbers far below the Ozmidov wavenumber. Isotropic turbulence emerges as the cascade proceeds through the Ozmidov wavenumber where shears become strong enough to overcome stratification. This contrasts with the present paradigm that geophysical isotropic turbulence arises directly from breaking internal waves. This new interpretation of the observations calls for new approaches to understand anisotropic generation of geophysical turbulence patches.
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