Male satin bowerbirds, Ptilonorhynchus violaceus, adjust their display intensity in response to female startling:: an experiment with robotic females
Male satin bowerbirds, Ptilonorhynchus violaceus, adjust their display intensity in response to female startling:: an experiment with robotic females
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.03.029
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Borgia, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patricelli, GL;Coleman, SW;Borgia, G
许多物种的雌性更倾向于与表现出高强度或高速度求偶的雄性交配；然而，雄性在求爱过程中并不总是以最大的强度表现。有证据表明，这种行为在绸缎园丁鸟身上可能是适应的，因为过度强烈的展示会惊吓雌性，从而扰乱求偶。雌性发出信号，表示它们将容忍雄性的表现强度；雄性通过调整强度来回应，减少了惊吓雌性的可能性，并增加了它们的求爱成功。然而，即使是反应最灵敏的雄性也偶尔会吓到雌性。当这种情况发生时，雄性可以通过减少随后的展示强度来避免对雌性的进一步威胁。我们使用了模仿雌性惊吓的机器雌性园丁鸟来检验这一假设，即雄性在惊吓雌性之后减少了它们的求爱强度。支持这一假设的是，在实验处理中机器人受到惊吓后，男性表现出的强度比在对照处理中没有受到惊吓时要低得多。我们没有发现证据表明男性对惊吓的反应程度与男性求爱成功有关。尽管有证据表明，雌性园丁鸟更喜欢表现得最强烈的雄性作为配偶，但我们发现，雄性并不总是以最大的强度表现，而是在求偶过程中对雌性的惊吓做出反应时降低强度。我们的结果表明，在求爱过程中，雄性会根据雌性的行为来调整其表现特征的表达水平，这样做可能会增加它们成功求爱的机会。(C)2005年，动物行为研究协会。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Females of many species preferentially mate with males that produce courtship displays at a high intensity or rate; however, males do not always display at their maximum intensity during courtship. Evidence suggests that this behaviour may be adaptive in satin bowerbirds, because overly intense displays can disrupt courtship by startling females. Females signal the display intensity that they will tolerate from a male; males that respond by adjusting their intensity reduce the likelihood of startling females and increase their courtship success. However, even the most responsive males occasionally startle females. When this occurs, males could avoid further threat to females by decreasing the intensity of their subsequent displays. We used robotic female bowerbirds that mimicked female startling to test the hypothesis that males reduce the intensity of their courtship displays after startling females. Supporting this hypothesis, males displayed at significantly lower intensity after robots were startled in experimental treatments than when they were not startled in control treatments. We found no evidence that the degree of male response to startling was related to male courtship success. In spite of evidence that female bowerbirds prefer the most intensely displaying males as mates, we found that males did not always display at maximum intensity, but rather reduced their intensity in response to female startling during courtship. Our results suggest that males adjust the level of expression of their display traits in response to female behaviours during courtship, and by doing so, males may increase their chances for successful courtship. (c) 2005 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.