Estimating bankfull discharge and depth in ungauged estuaries
Estimating bankfull discharge and depth in ungauged estuaries
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DOI：
10.1002/2014wr016227
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发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
J. Gisen;H. Savenije
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Gisen;H. Savenije
在河口，特别是在潮汐流占主导地位的地区，精确测量河流流量是困难的。河流流量对河口的形态和水动力学很重要，因为它影响盐入侵过程、潮汐动力学、淡水供应（水资源管理）和洪水的发生。在这里，我们试图从向海的一端：河口得出河势特征。据发现，有经验的关系，连接河口的几何形状，它的河势，它可以用来估计河流流量特性的最少的数据。本研究的目的是：（1）推导出河口几何特征与平滩流量之间的经验关系;（2）探索这种关系的物理解释;（3）估算河口的平滩流量。结合河口形态分析、潮流动力分析和莱西的水力几何理论，揭示了河口与河势之间的物理联系。在世界各地的23个河口（包括7个最近调查的河口）的河口深度，宽度和bankfull河流流量之间的关系进行了测试。分析表明，河口水深是平滩流量1/3次方的函数，与Lacey公式一致。这一发现不仅提供了一种方法来估计河口深度，它也允许估计洪水流量特性，从现成的河口形状指标。
It is difficult to measure river discharge accurately in an estuary, and particularly, in the region where the tidal flow dominates over the river discharge. River discharge is important for the morphology and hydrodynamics of estuaries as it influences the salt intrusion process, tidal dynamics, freshwater supply (water resources management), and the occurrence of floods. Here we try to derive river regime characteristics from the seaward end: the estuary. It is found that there are empirical relationships that link the geometry of an estuary to its river regime, which can be used to estimate river discharge characteristics with the least of data available. The aims of this study are: (1) to derive empirical relations between geometrical characteristics of estuaries and the bankfull discharge; (2) to explore a physical explanation for this relation; and (3) to estimate the bankfull discharge in estuaries. The physical connection between an estuary and its river regime is found by combining estuary shape analysis, tidal dynamic analysis, and Lacey's hydraulic geometry theory. The relationships found between the estuary depth, width, and bankfull river discharge have been tested in 23 estuaries around the world (including seven recently surveyed estuaries). From the analysis, it shows that the depth of an estuary is a function of the bankfull flood discharge to the power of 1/3, which is in agreement with Lacey's formula. This finding not only provides a method to estimate estuary depth, it also allows estimating flood discharge characteristics from readily available estuary shape indicators.