Antarctic ecosystem responses following ice‐shelf collapse and iceberg calving: Science review and future research
Antarctic ecosystem responses following ice‐shelf collapse and iceberg calving: Science review and future research
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DOI：
10.1002/wcc.682
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Ingels;R. Aronson;C. Smith;A. Baco;H. Bik;J. Blake;A. Brandt;M. Cape;D. DeMaster;E. Dola
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作者：
J. Ingels;R. Aronson;C. Smith;A. Baco;H. Bik;J. Blake;A. Brandt;M. Cape;D. DeMaster;E. Dola
2017年7月，面积5,800平方公里、重达1万亿吨的A-68冰山从拉森C冰架脱落，这是过去几十年来由于南极半岛周围迅速变暖而导致的10多起重大冰架损失事件之一。沿着南极半岛的冰架迅速变薄、退缩和崩溃是整个大陆变暖效应的预兆。冰架覆盖面积超过150万平方公里，占南极洲海岸线的75%，描绘了南极大陆，大陆冰和南大洋之间的主要联系。南极冰架的变化给南大洋生态系统和大陆冰运动带来了巨大的、大规模的变化，并具有全球范围的影响。众所周知，未来冰架消亡的变薄和速度是不可预测的，但模型表明，冰架融化和产犊的增加将变得更加普遍。到目前为止，人们对冰架下的生态系统知之甚少，我们对崩溃和产犊后生态系统变化的理解主要是基于崩溃发生后的响应科学。在这篇综述中，我们概述了（a）冰架融化，体积损失，撤退，和产犊，（B）冰架相关的生态系统，通过冰下，沉积物核心，崩溃前和崩溃后的研究，和（c）在远洋生态系统，symagic生态系统和底栖生态系统的生态响应。然后，我们讨论主要的知识差距，以及科学如何解决这些差距。
The calving of A‐68, the 5,800‐km2, 1‐trillion‐ton iceberg shed from the Larsen C Ice Shelf in July 2017, is one of over 10 significant ice‐shelf loss events in the past few decades resulting from rapid warming around the Antarctic Peninsula. The rapid thinning, retreat, and collapse of ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula are harbingers of warming effects around the entire continent. Ice shelves cover more than 1.5 million km2 and fringe 75% of Antarctica's coastline, delineating the primary connections between the Antarctic continent, the continental ice, and the Southern Ocean. Changes in Antarctic ice shelves bring dramatic and large‐scale modifications to Southern Ocean ecosystems and continental ice movements, with global‐scale implications. The thinning and rate of future ice‐shelf demise is notoriously unpredictable, but models suggest increased shelf‐melt and calving will become more common. To date, little is known about sub‐ice‐shelf ecosystems, and our understanding of ecosystem change following collapse and calving is predominantly based on responsive science once collapses have occurred. In this review, we outline what is known about (a) ice‐shelf melt, volume loss, retreat, and calving, (b) ice‐shelf‐associated ecosystems through sub‐ice, sediment‐core, and pre‐collapse and post‐collapse studies, and (c) ecological responses in pelagic, sympagic, and benthic ecosystems. We then discuss major knowledge gaps and how science might address these gaps.