Food systems transformations, ultra-processed food markets and the nutrition transition in Asia
Food systems transformations, ultra-processed food markets and the nutrition transition in Asia
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DOI：
10.1186/s12992-016-0223-3
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发表时间：
2016-12-03
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Friel, Sharon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker, Phillip;Friel, Sharon
背景资料：由于经济增长率高，人口年轻且不断增长，市场日益开放，跨国食品和饮料公司（TFBC）正在大力瞄准亚洲市场。与此同时，该地区高脂肪、高盐和高血脂的超加工食品的消费量正在增加。有证据表明，TFBC可以利用其市场力量来塑造粮食系统，改变这些食品的供应、价格、营养质量、可取性和最终消费。本文介绍了最近的变化，在亚洲的食品系统驱动TFBC在零售，制造业和食品服务部门，并认为人口nutrition.Method的影响：市场数据，每个部门来自欧睿国际的四个中低收入，三个中上收入和五个高收入亚洲国家。描述性统计被用来描述超加工食品消费的趋势（2000-2013），包装食品零售分销渠道（1999-2013年），“市场跨国化”定义为TFBC相对于国内企业所占的市场份额（2004-2013），以及“市场集中度”定义为四家领先公司所占的市场份额和市场力量结果：在大多数中等收入国家，超加工食品的销售迅速增加。碳酸软饮料是主要的产品类别，可口可乐和百事公司在这一类别中占有区域性的寡头垄断地位。超级市场、大卖场和便利店作为整个区域包装食品的分销渠道正日益占据主导地位。在所有国家，食品杂货零售部门的市场集中度都在增加。在麦当劳和百胜餐饮集团的带领下，所有国家的餐饮服务销售额都在增长！品牌然而，在所有这三个部门的TFBC面临来自亚洲firms.Conclusions的激烈竞争：总体而言，研究结果表明，市场力量可能是显着的，但亚洲的营养转型的变量驱动程序。碳酸软饮料市场是最高度集中的市场，可能对人口营养危害最大。从市场集中度和市场力量的角度来看，杂货零售业可能是该地区食品系统变革和超加工食品销售的最重要驱动力。鉴于其快速增长，食品服务部门也将对持续的饮食变化做出重大贡献。
Background: Attracted by their high economic growth rates, young and growing populations, and increasingly open markets, transnational food and beverage corporations (TFBCs) are targeting Asian markets with vigour. Simultaneously the consumption of ultra-processed foods high in fat, salt and glycaemic load is increasing in the region. Evidence demonstrates that TFBCs can leverage their market power to shape food systems in ways that alter the availability, price, nutritional quality, desirability and ultimately consumption of such foods. This paper describes recent changes in Asian food systems driven by TFBCs in the retail, manufacturing and food service sectors and considers the implications for population nutrition.Method: Market data for each sector was sourced from Euromonitor International for four lower-middle income, three uppermiddle income and five high-income Asian countries. Descriptive statistics were used to describe trends in ultra-processed food consumption (2000-2013), packaged food retail distribution channels (1999-2013), 'market transnationalization' defined as the market share held by TFBCs relative to domestic firms (2004-2013), and 'market concentration' defined as the market share and thus market power held by the four leading firms (2004-2013) in each market.Results: Ultra-processed food sales has increased rapidly in most middle-income countries. Carbonated soft drinks was the leading product category, in which Coca-Cola and PepsiCo had a regional oligopoly. Supermarkets, hypermarkets and convenience stores were becoming increasingly dominant as distribution channels for packaged foods throughout the region. Market concentration was increasing in the grocery retail sector in all countries. Food service sales are increasing in all countries led by McDonalds and Yum! Brands. However, in all three sectors TFBCs face strong competition from Asian firms.Conclusions: Overall, the findings suggest that market forces are likely to be significant but variable drivers of Asia's nutrition transition. The carbonated soft drink market is the most highly concentrated and likely to be most harmful to population nutrition. The grocery retail sector is, in terms of increasing market concentration and thus market power, likely to be the most important driver of ongoing food systems change and ultra-processed food sales in the region. Given it's rapid growth, the food service sector will also contribute significantly to ongoing dietary change.