Perceived effort in sniffing: The effects
Perceived effort in sniffing: The effects
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感知的嗅探努力：效果
DOI：
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Teghtsoonian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Teghtsoonian;M. Teghtsoonian
先前的研究表明，当进入鼻孔的气味蒸汽的流量是由受试者控制的嗅压变化产生时，感知到的气味强度不会随着进入鼻孔的气味蒸汽的流速而变化，但当这种变化是由实验者控制的嗅觉系统阻力的变化产生时，感知到的气味强度确实会随着流速而变化。我们提出了一种气味恒定模型，其中感知的气味强度的不变性与感知的嗅觉努力有关，并假设改变的阻力会产生影响，因为当嗅压力保持恒定时，感知的努力没有相应的变化。在两项研究中，受试者对感知到的嗅探努力的大小进行了估计。嗅压是通过让受试者将他的嗅觉与存储示波器表面上显示的、指定其所需形状、持续时间和电平的模式相匹配来控制的。实验1中，阻力固定，吸气压力变化；感知的努力随着所需嗅压的 0.8 次方而增加。在实验 2 中，吸气压力和阻力在因子设计中发生变化；在固定阻力下，感知的努力随着压力的 0.8 次幂而增加，但当阻力在固定压力下变化时，感知努力保持不变。这一结果为气味恒常性模型提供了间接支持，因为它表明，在发现恒常性的情况下，感知的努力与流速协变，但在恒常性失败的条件下，感知的努力不会改变。
Previous research has shown that perceived odor strength does not vary with flow rate of an odorant vapor entering the naris when that variation is produced by subject-controlled changes in sniff pressure, but that it does vary with flow rate when the variation is produced by experimenter-controlled changes in the resistance of the olfactometric system. We have suggested an odor-constancy model in which invariance of perceived odor strength is linked to perceived effort of sniffing, and have hypothesized that changed resistance will have its effect because there is no corresponding change in perceived effort when sniff pressure is held constant. In two studies, subjects made magnitude estimations of the perceived effort of sniffing; sniff pressure was controlled by having the subject match his sniff, displayed on a storage oscilloscope face, to a pattern specifying its required shape, duration, and level. In Experiment 1, resistance was fixed while sniff pressure varied; perceived effort grew as the .8 power of the required sniff pressure. In Experiment 2, sniff pressure and resistance were varied in a factorial design; perceived effort grew as the .8 power of pressure at fixed resistance, but remained unchanged when resistance varied at fixed pressure. This outcome provides indirect support for the odor-constancy model, since it shows that perceived effort covaries with flow rate under the condition in which constancy is found but does not change under the condition in which constancy fails.