New insights into Neolithic milk consumption through proteomic analysis of dental calculus
New insights into Neolithic milk consumption through proteomic analysis of dental calculus
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DOI：
10.1007/s12520-019-00911-7
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Speller, Camilla F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charlton, Sophy;Ramsoe, Abigail;Speller, Camilla F.
长期以来，人们一直在争论欧洲人群中乳制品消费的起源。虽然以前认为乳糖酶持续性（LP）是在农业出现后的正选择下，但最近对史前人类遗骸的遗传研究表明，LP可能是在过去4000年中才出现在欧洲。这些发现与新石器时代陶器的有机残留物分析相反，新石器时代陶器的有机残留物分析表明乳制品的利用，以及与新石器时代遗址的奶牛群一致的动物考古死亡率概况。最近在人类牙结石中发现的乳蛋白β-乳球蛋白（BLG）提供了一种新的方法，通过这种方法可以探索考古学过去的乳制品消费。在这里，我们应用鸟枪蛋白质组学分析牙结石样本从三个英国新石器时代的网站，揭示了最早的识别BLG在人类牙结石的日期。BLG肽在不太可能拥有LP的个体中的存在为英国新石器时代的乳品业提供了新的见解，这表明新石器时代人群可能对牛奶进行加工以减少乳制品中的乳糖含量。
There has long been debate over the origins of dairy consumption within European populations. Whilst it was previously assumed that lactase persistence (LP) was under positive selection following the advent of agriculture, recent genetic studies of prehistoric human remains have revealed LP may have only emerged in Europe in the last 4000 years. These findings stand in contrast to organic residue analysis of Neolithic pottery indicating the utilisation of dairy products, and zooarchaeological mortality profiles consistent with dairying herds at Neolithic sites. The recent discovery of the milk protein beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) within human dental calculus presents a new method via which to explore dairy product consumption in the archaeological past. Here, we apply shotgun proteomic analysis to dental calculus samples from three British Neolithic sites, revealing the earliest identification of BLG in human dental calculus to date. The presence of BLG peptides in individuals who are unlikely to possess LP provides new insight into dairying in the British Neolithic, suggesting the potential processing of milk by Neolithic populations to reduce the lactose content of dairy products.