Reducing hole transporter use and increasing perovskite solar cell stability with dual-role polystyrene microgel particles.
Reducing hole transporter use and increasing perovskite solar cell stability with dual-role polystyrene microgel particles.
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DOI：
10.1039/c7nr02650a
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发表时间：
2017-07
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Mu Chen;M. Mokhtar;E. Whittaker;Qing Lian;B. Hamilton;P. O’Brien;Mingning Zhu;Zhengxing Cui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mu Chen;M. Mokhtar;E. Whittaker;Qing Lian;B. Hamilton;P. O’Brien;Mingning Zhu;Zhengxing Cui
钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)是一种颠覆性技术，由于其显著和持续的能量转换效率提高而继续引起人们的极大关注。提高PSC的稳定性和减少昂贵的空穴传输材料(HTM)的使用量是越来越受到关注的两个方面。在一种新的方法中，我们研究了绝缘聚苯乙烯微凝胶颗粒(MGs)提高PSC稳定性和取代大部分HTM相的能力。MGS是亚微米级的交联型聚合物颗粒，在良好的溶剂中膨胀。采用可伸缩乳液聚合的方法制备了MG。然后将混合的HTM/MG分散体旋涂到PSCs上，形成HTM-MG复合层。所用的HTMS是聚三芳胺(PTAA)、聚(3-己基噻吩基)(P3HT)和螺甲基TAD(Spiro-MeOTAD)。MGs与PTAA和P3HT形成了力学性能较好的复合材料HTMS。相比之下，SPIRO-MG复合材料由于相对较小的SPIRO分子不能相互交错而含有微裂纹。含PTAA-MG和P3HT-MG的PSCs的效率仅比对照PSCs降低20%，尽管PAA和P3HT是少数组分。它们只占复合高温超导材料∼的35vol%。研究的一个意想不到的发现是，MG很好地分散在PTAA基质中。这种形态有助于CH3NH3PbI3-xClx荧光的强烈猝灭。此外，使用P3HT-MG制备的PSCs的开路电压比对照PSCs增加了∼170 mV。为了证明它们的多功能性，MGs还被用来封装基于P3HT的PSCs。后者的太阳能电池稳定性数据以及含有复合HTM-MG的PSC的太阳能电池稳定性数据都远远优于对照PSC的测量数据。由于MGS可以减少共轭聚合物的使用并增加稳定性，因此它们作为PSC的双重作用添加剂具有很好的潜力。
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a disruptive technology that continues to attract considerable attention due to their remarkable and sustained power conversion efficiency increase. Improving PSC stability and reducing expensive hole transport material (HTM) usage are two aspects that are gaining increased attention. In a new approach, we investigate the ability of insulating polystyrene microgel particles (MGs) to increase PSC stability and replace the majority of the HTM phase. MGs are sub-micrometre crosslinked polymer particles that swell in a good solvent. The MGs were prepared using a scalable emulsion polymerisation method. Mixed HTM/MG dispersions were subsequently spin-coated onto PSCs and formed composite HTM-MG layers. The HTMs employed were poly(triaryl amine) (PTAA), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and Spiro-MeOTAD (Spiro). The MGs formed mechanically robust composite HTMs with PTAA and P3HT. In contrast, Spiro-MG composites contained micro-cracks due the inability of the relatively small Spiro molecules to interdigitate. The efficiencies for the PSCs containing PTAA-MG and P3HT-MG decreased by only ∼20% compared to control PSCs despite PTAA and P3HT being the minority phases. They occupied only ∼35 vol% of the composite HTMs. An unexpected finding from the study was that the MGs dispersed well within the PTAA matrix. This morphology aided strong quenching of the CH3NH3PbI3-xClx fluorescence. In addition, the open circuit voltages for the PSCs prepared using P3HT-MG increased by ∼170 mV compared to control PSCs. To demonstrate their versatility the MGs were also used to encapsulate P3HT-based PSCs. Solar cell stability data for the latter as well as those for PSCs containing composite HTM-MG were both far superior compared to data measured for a control PSC. Since MGs can reduce conjugated polymer use and increase stability they have good potential as dual-role PSC additives.