Formation and Stratigraphy of the Chuanfan Cave
Formation and Stratigraphy of the Chuanfan Cave
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
L. Jian-jun
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作者：
L. Jian-jun
川帆洞是万寿岩山上两个旧石器时代洞穴遗址之一，万寿岩是一座石灰岩山，位于三明市西北约17公里处，有几个洞穴和裂缝，1999- 2000年，在该洞穴中发现了两个旧石器文化层，其中一个重要的考古发现是一个人造鹅卵石-本文根据2004年第二次发掘的资料，对该遗址的形成过程及其地层学进行了初步研究。经历了四个阶段：1.中更新世晚期，洞穴作为排水通道，沉积物开始堆积（第26-22层，见表1）2.堆积层破碎严重，新的富含哺乳动物化石的沉积物形成新层（第21-17层）。3.洪水给洞穴带来了新的材料，成为第16- 7.4层。由于水的运动，沉积物中发育了沟壑，后来被沉积物填充（第6-1层），地质地层自下而上可分为四个部分：第一单元，中更新世晚期沉积，砾石和桑迪粘土，化石有Vespertolionidae，Petauristasp.，Niviventer sp.，和Rhizomys sp.Unit Ⅱ，晚更新世早期，红黄色粘土和灰绿色桑迪质粘土，富含哺乳动物化石，如Macaca robustus、Canis lupus、Coun Ephalus、Ailuropoda melanoleuca、Ursus thibetanus、Meles suillus、Crocuta ultima、Crocuta spelaeus、Acinonyx sp.第三单元为晚更新世晚期沉积，灰绿色粘土，含两个文化层，AMS测年结果表明，第15层和第8层分别形成于37 kaBP和29 kaBP;第四单元为全新世沉积，为混合沉积，含宋至清文化遗存。
The Chuanfan Cave is one of two Paleolithic cave sites on the Wanshouyan Hill,a limestone hill with several caves and fissures situated about 17 km northwest of Sanming City,Fujian Province.Two Paleolithic cultural levels were recovered from the cave in 1999—2000.One of the significant archaeological discoveries at the site was an artificial pebble-paved living surface from the lower cultural level.This paper presents preliminary results of studies on the formation processes of the site and it stratigraphy based on information derived during the second excavation in 2004.The formation processes of the Chuanfan Cave follow four stages.1.The cave functioned as a passage for drainage during the late Middle Pleistocene and deposits began to accumulate(Layers 26—22,see Table 1).2.The accumulated deposits suffered serious breakage and new sediments rich in mammalian fossils formed new layers(Layers 21—17).3.A flood brought new materials to the cave,which became Layers 16—7.4.Ravines developed in the deposits as the result of water movement and later filled with sediments(Layers 6—1).Geological strata can be divided into four parts(from bottom to top).Unit Ⅰ, late Middle Pleistocene deposits,gravel and sandy clay,with several kinds of fossil including Vespertolionidae,Petaurista sp.,Niviventer sp.,and Rhizomys sp.Unit Ⅱ,of early Late Pleistocene age,red-yellow clay and grayish green sandy clay,rich in mammalian fossils,such as Macaca robustus,Canis lupus,Coun dubius,Ailuropoda melanoleuca,Ursus thibetanus,Meles suillus,Crocuta ultima,Crocuta spelaeus,Acinonyx sp.,Stegodon orientalis,Rhinoceros sinensis,Megatapirus augustus,Sus scrofa.Unit Ⅲ,late Late Pleistocene deposits,greenish gray clay with two cultural layers identified.AMS dating indicates that Layer 15 and Layer 8 were formed 37 ka BP and 29 ka BP,respectively.Unit Ⅳ,of Holocene age,with mixed deposits and yielding Song to Qing Dynasties cultural remains.