The Importance of Biodiversity E-infrastructures for Megadiverse Countries.
The Importance of Biodiversity E-infrastructures for Megadiverse Countries.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1002204
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发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Peterson AT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Canhos DA;Sousa-Baena MS;de Souza S;Maia LC;Stehmann JR;Canhos VP;De Giovanni R;Bonacelli MB;Los W;Peterson AT
应对生物多样性保护和可持续发展的挑战需要全球合作、支持结构和新的治理模式，以整合各种举措，实现大规模、开放的数据、工具和技术交换。通过出版物分享科学知识的传统模式不足以满足当代的需求，这些需求不仅需要结果，而且需要数据，知识和分析数据的技能。电子基础设施是便利获取数据和提供协作框架的关键。在这里，我们讨论了公共利益的电子基础设施的重要性和缺乏长期的资助政策。我们提出了巴西的speciesLink网络，电子基础设施，提供免费和开放的生物多样性的原始数据和相关工具的例子。SpeciesLink目前整合了来自135个国家机构和13个国外机构的382个数据集，公开共享约740万条记录，其中94%与凭证标本相关。与数据同样重要的是数据提供者和用户的网络。2014年，超过95%的用户来自巴西，这表明当地电子基础设施在促进和促进当地使用生物多样性数据和知识方面的重要性。从一开始，speciesLink就通过基于项目的资助来维持，通常是为期2-4年的公共赠款。在项目之间，在试图保持系统运行方面存在短期危机，这一事实也在全球生物多样性门户网站以及社会和物理科学平台甚至计算服务门户网站中观察到。在过去的十年中，开放获取运动推动了许多用于共享数据的网络平台的发展。不幸的是，适当的政策没有跟上同样的克里思，现在许多倡议可能会失败。这个社区页面呼吁建立新的治理和资助模式，以确保国家电子基础设施的可持续性-这对全球系统至关重要，对地方教育，研究和政策至关重要。
Addressing the challenges of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development requires global cooperation, support structures, and new governance models to integrate diverse initiatives and achieve massive, open exchange of data, tools, and technology. The traditional paradigm of sharing scientific knowledge through publications is not sufficient to meet contemporary demands that require not only the results but also data, knowledge, and skills to analyze the data. E-infrastructures are key in facilitating access to data and providing the framework for collaboration. Here we discuss the importance of e-infrastructures of public interest and the lack of long-term funding policies. We present the example of Brazil’s speciesLink network, an e-infrastructure that provides free and open access to biodiversity primary data and associated tools. SpeciesLink currently integrates 382 datasets from 135 national institutions and 13 institutions from abroad, openly sharing ~7.4 million records, 94% of which are associated to voucher specimens. Just as important as the data is the network of data providers and users. In 2014, more than 95% of its users were from Brazil, demonstrating the importance of local e-infrastructures in enabling and promoting local use of biodiversity data and knowledge. From the outset, speciesLink has been sustained through project-based funding, normally public grants for 2–4-year periods. In between projects, there are short-term crises in trying to keep the system operational, a fact that has also been observed in global biodiversity portals, as well as in social and physical sciences platforms and even in computing services portals. In the last decade, the open access movement propelled the development of many web platforms for sharing data. Adequate policies unfortunately did not follow the same tempo, and now many initiatives may perish. This Community Page calls for new governance and funding models to ensure the sustainability of national e-infrastructures—important for global systems and crucial for local education, research, and policy.