Water, Technology, and Development: Transformations of Development Technonatures in Changing Waterscapes
Water, Technology, and Development: Transformations of Development Technonatures in Changing Waterscapes
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水、技术与发展：不断变化的水景中发展技术的转变
DOI：
10.1068/d20010
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Sultana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Sultana
在全球南方的大部分地区，提供安全饮用水通常等同于提供发展。然而，技术、沃茨和社会关系的不同安排构成了不均匀的水景，并在不同地点和尺度上产生了不同的水-社会关系。因此，分析产水技术和不同的沃茨在促进和挑战发展进程方面的矛盾作用，对于解释发展的政治生态学十分重要。为了研究构成发展的权力的technonatural关系，我看的方式，不同类型的沃茨，水技术，性质（含水层，地下水，砷），和权力关系共同产生水（在）安全和（非）健康的发展主题，从孟加拉三角洲的水景的案例研究。受污染的管井造成了饮用水危机和水利-社会关系的重新配置。通过管井技术将地下水用于饮用水目的，创造了一个公共卫生的成功故事，因为“安全”地下水为消费不安全的地表水源提供了替代品，而不安全的地表水源导致了高发病率和死亡率。但是，数百万管井生产的水含有不安全的天然砷水平，这一情况导致对这种成功的发展叙事提出了挑战，体现社会地位和进步观念的管井（生产“好水”）慢慢毒害三角洲地区的人们（用“坏水”）。我详细介绍了混合沃茨的方式（安全/不安全/未经检验和好/坏）和水中毒的论述是由水技术、含水层和社会关系产生的，这些都是为了支持发展的概念;此外，我批判性地分析了当这些技术自然组合被各种污染的沃茨、差异化的含水层和不断变化的水生产技术的地位。在促进水和技术的政治生态分析，我提出的问题，发展和所谓的适当技术之间的麻烦的关系，通过提请注意的技术，生态，话语和主题在technonatural发展过程中的表达和相互注册。
Delivering safe drinking water is often equated with delivering development in much of the Global South. Yet different arrangements of technologies, waters, and social relations constitute uneven waterscapes and produce different water — society relations across sites and scales. Analyzing the contradictory roles of water-producing technologies and differentiated waters in enabling and challenging processes of development thus becomes important to explaining the political ecologies of development. In order to investigate the technonatural relations of power that constitute development, I look at the ways that different types of waters, water technologies, nature (aquifers, groundwater, arsenic), and power relations coproduce water (in)securities and (un)healthy development subjects, with a case study from waterscapes of the Bengal Delta. Contaminated tubewells have resulted in a drinking water crisis and a reconfiguration of hydro — social relations. Groundwater usage for drinking water purposes was introduced via tubewell technology, creating a public health success story as ‘safe’ groundwater offered alternatives to the consumption of unsafe surface water sources that had caused high morbidity and mortality rates. But a situation of millions of tubewells producing water with unsafe levels of naturally occurring arsenic has resulted in challenging such development narratives of success, where the tubewells that embodied social status and notions of progress (producing ‘good water’) came to slowly poison people across the delta (with ‘bad water’). I detail the ways that hybrid waters (safe/unsafe/untested and good/bad) and the discourses of water poisoning are produced by water technologies, aquifers, and social relations that are enrolled to support notions of development; in addition, I critically analyze the ways that development goes awry when these technonatural assemblages are unexpectedly altered by the agencies and materialities of variously contaminated waters, differentiated aquifers, and the changing status of water-producing technologies. In contributing to political — ecological analyses of water and technology, I raise questions about the troubled relationship between development and so-called appropriate technologies by bringing attention to the articulations and mutual enrollments of technologies, ecologies, discourses, and subjects in the technonatural processes of development.
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Allan H. Smith;Elena O Lingas;Mahfuzar Rahman
通讯作者：
Allan H. Smith;Elena O Lingas;Mahfuzar Rahman
技术轨迹：地理学和技术研究中的新旧对话
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
D. Dixon;M. Whitehead
通讯作者：
M. Whitehead