Tracking the Global Generation and Exports of e-Waste. Do Existing Estimates Add up?
Tracking the Global Generation and Exports of e-Waste. Do Existing Estimates Add up?
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DOI：
10.1021/es5021313
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发表时间：
2014-08-05
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Jones, Kevin C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breivik, Knut;Armitage, James M.;Jones, Kevin C.
向发展中区域运输废弃电子和电器（电子废物）的问题受到了相当大的关注，但如果不对所涉数量有定量的了解，就很难评估这一问题的重要性。本研究的主要目标是通过汇编和限制对每个国家国内产生的电子废物数量的现有估计，跟踪电子废物的全球运输情况。参考年份为2005年，所有估计数都有一个不确定范围。根据一个国家的国内生产总值，将全球总量约为35，000千吨（范围为20，000 - 50，000千吨）的M-GEN进行分摊，得出的M-GEN估计值与个别国家MGEN的独立估计值吻合得很好。据信是经合组织全球电子废物出口主要接受国的进口估计数（中国、印度和五个西非国家）表示，（3，600千吨至7，300千吨）每年可能仅向这些非经合组织国家进口，这相当于经合组织国内产生的电子废物数量的23%（17%-34%）。通过分配每个国家的M-GEN，M-IMP，M-EXP和M-NET = M-GEN + M-IMP - M-EXP，我们可以绘制出从经合组织到非经合组织国家的全球电子废物产生和流动。虽然仍存在重大不确定性，但我们注意到，仅对七个非经合组织国家的估计进口量往往高于经合组织国家的估计出口量。
The transport of discarded electronic and electrical appliances (e-waste) to developing regions has received considerable attention, but it is difficult to assess the significance of this issue without a quantitative understanding of the amounts involved. The main objective of this study is to track the global transport of e-wastes by compiling and constraining existing estimates of the amount of e-waste generated domestically in each country M-GEN, exported from countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) M-EXP, and imported in countries outside of the OECD M-IMP. Reference year is 2005 and all estimates are given with an uncertainty range. Estimates of M-GEN obtained by apportioning a global total of similar to 35,000 kt (range 20,000-50,000 kt) based on a nation's gross domestic product agree well with independent estimates of MGEN for individual countries. Import estimates M-IMP to the countries believed to be the major recipients of e-waste exports from the OECD globally (China, India, and five West African countries) suggests that similar to 5,000 kt (3,600 kt-7,300 kt) may have been imported annually to these non-OECD countries alone, which represents similar to 23% (17%-34%) of the amounts of e-waste generated domestically within the OECD. M-EXP for each OECD country is then estimated by applying this fraction of 23% to its M-GEN. BY allocating each country's M-GEN, M-IMP, M-EXP and M-NET = M-GEN + M-IMP - M-EXP, we can map the global generation and flows of e-waste from OECD to non-OECD countries. While significant uncertainties remain, we note that estimated import into seven non-OECD countries alone are often at the higher end of estimates of exports from OECD countries.