Picture memory in older adults: effects of contextual detail at encoding and retrieval.
Picture memory in older adults: effects of contextual detail at encoding and retrieval.
复制标题
老年人的图片记忆：编码和检索时上下文细节的影响。
DOI：
10.1093/geronj/39.2.213
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Michelle Sovacool
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Denise C. Park;J. T. Puglisi;Michelle Sovacool
在本研究中，通过完整地再现卡通图片或消除大部分背景来操纵刺激组中的上下文细节。向年轻人和老年人展示带有或不带有背景细节的卡通幻灯片以供研究。在识别过程中，背景的存在或不存在与编码过程中背景的存在或不存在进行因子交叉，参与者表明他们是否识别了该卡通。 d' 分数分析表明，老年人和年轻人表现出相当程度的编码特异性效应。此外，年轻人对具有上下文细节的图片的识别能力比对没有细节的图片的识别能力更好，而对于老年人来说，情况似乎正好相反。讨论了这些发现对克雷克和西蒙的影响。
In the present study, contextual detail was manipulated in a stimulus set by reproducing cartoon pictures intact or with much of the background obliterated. Young and older adults were presented cartoon slides both with and without contextual detail for study. During recognition, presence or absence of background was crossed factorially with its presence or absence during encoding, and participants indicated whether they recognized the cartoon. Analysis of d' scores indicated that old and young adults evidenced encoding specificity effects of comparable magnitude. Additionally, young people recognized pictures with contextual detail better than pictures without detail, whereas the reverse appeared to be true for older individuals. The implications of these findings with respect to those of Craik and Simon are discussed.