Fourteen well-described caffeine withdrawal symptoms factor into three clusters
Fourteen well-described caffeine withdrawal symptoms factor into three clusters
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-008-1329-y
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
El-Sohemy, Ahmed
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ozsungur, Stephen;Brenner, Darren;El-Sohemy, Ahmed
在习惯性咖啡因消费者中，突然停止咖啡因摄入通常会导致几种戒断症状。本研究的目的是确定咖啡因戒断症状是否在某些个体中以集群形式共存。使用咖啡因习惯问卷和半定量食物频率问卷，对年龄在20-29岁之间的男性（n=126）和女性（n=369）的戒断症状和咖啡因摄入量进行了评估，分别主成分因子分析被用来确定共同的潜在因素之间的14个良好的描述咖啡因戒断症状。计算比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI），以确定是否报告戒断因素的可能性与习惯性咖啡因consumption.14戒断症状被分为三个因素，称为“疲劳和头痛”，“烦躁情绪”，和“流感样躯体”。报告疲劳、头痛和烦躁情绪因素的可能性随着习惯性咖啡因摄入量的增加而增加。与< 100 mg/d的咖啡因相比，习惯性摄入100-200 mg/d和> 200 mg/d报告疲劳和头痛因素的OR（95% CI）分别为1.97（1.21，3.21）和4.44（2.50，7.86）。焦虑情绪因子的相应OR值（95%CI）分别为1.55（0.96，2.52）和3.34（1.99，5.60）。14个描述良好的咖啡因戒断症状因子分为3类，表明存在3种不同的咖啡因戒断机制。增加习惯性咖啡因摄入量与报告疲劳、头痛和烦躁情绪症状的可能性增加有关，但与流感样躯体症状无关。
Abrupt cessation of caffeine often results in several withdrawal symptoms among habitual caffeine consumers.The objective of the study was to determine whether caffeine withdrawal symptoms co-exist as clusters in some individuals.Withdrawal symptoms and caffeine intake were assessed for men (n=126) and women (n=369), aged 20-29, using a caffeine habits questionnaire and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, respectively. Principal components factor analysis was used to identify common underlying factors among 14 well-described caffeine withdrawal symptoms. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine if the likelihood of reporting a withdrawal factor was associated with habitual caffeine consumption.The 14 withdrawal symptoms were grouped into three factors termed "fatigue and headache", "dysphoric mood", and "flu-like somatic". The likelihood of reporting the fatigue and headache and dysphoric mood factors increased with higher levels of habitual caffeine consumption. Compared to < 100 mg/day of caffeine, the ORs (95% CI) of reporting the fatigue and headache factor with a habitual intake of 100-200 mg/day and > 200 mg/day were 1.97 (1.21, 3.21) and 4.44 (2.50, 7.86), respectively. The corresponding ORs (95% CI) for the dysphoric mood factor were 1.55 (0.96, 2.52) and 3.34 (1.99, 5.60).The 14 well-described caffeine withdrawal symptoms factor into three clusters, suggesting the existence of three distinct underlying mechanisms of caffeine withdrawal. Increasing habitual caffeine consumption is associated with an increased likelihood of reporting the fatigue and headache and dysphoric mood symptoms, but not the flu-like somatic symptoms.