Implications and impacts of aligning regional agriculture with a healthy diet
Implications and impacts of aligning regional agriculture with a healthy diet
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141375
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发表时间：
2024-03-18
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Milne，Alice E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sharp，Ryan T.;Bellamy，Angelina Sanderson;Milne，Alice E.
农业系统目前面临的最棘手的挑战之一是需要生产足够的食物，让所有人都能享受健康均衡的饮食，同时尽量减少对环境的影响。平衡这些相互竞争的目标是特别棘手的，因为大多数粮食系统不是局部的。这项研究旨在调查对生产，利润和环境可能产生的影响，使食品系统与EAT-Lancet定义的健康饮食相一致。为此，我们考虑英国的两个不同地区，一个在东安格利亚，另一个在南威尔士。这两个地区反映了不同的生态系统，因此在英国农业不同的专业化。我们使用Rothamsted景观模型（一个详细的农业生态系统过程模型）来预测土壤碳动态，养分流动和作物生产的主要作物在这些地区，和IPCC的清单模型来估计排放量从六个畜牧业系统。考虑了两种情况，一种是研究区域必须独立满足健康饮食要求，另一种是它们可以集体满足健康饮食要求。为了将其生产映射到健康饮食中，这两个研究领域都需要增加植物蛋白的生产并减少红肉的生产。虽然与正常状态相比，生产的变化可以为更多的人提供健康的饮食，但生产的总卡路里却大大减少。在健康饮食情景下，排放和浸出减少，农药影响基本保持不变。我们表明，当地的基础设施和环境如何“本地化”的粮食系统可以没有运行到实质性的限制。虽然农业系统的隔离到区域一级，如这里所探讨的，是不太可能实际的，但我们表明，调整农业生产，以健康的饮食可以产生粮食系统，在农业生态系统的健康和抵御冲击的粮食供应链方面有许多相关的好处。
One of the most intractable challenges currently facing agricultural systems is the need to produce sufficient food for all to enjoy a healthy balanced diet while minimising impacts to the environment. Balancing these competing goals is especially intractable because most food systems are not locally bounded. This study aims to investigate the likely impacts on production, profit and the environment that result from aligning food systems to a healthy diet, as defined by EAT-Lancet. For this, we consider two distinct areas of the UK, one in East Anglia and the other in South Wales. These two regions reflect different ecosystems and therefore differing specialisations in UK agriculture. We used the Rothamsted Landscape Model (a detailed agroecosystems process-based model) to predict soil carbon dynamics, nutrient flows and crop production for the dominant crops grown in these regions, and the IPCC inventory models to estimate emissions from six livestock systems. Two scenarios were considered, one in which the study regions had to meet healthy diet requirements independently of each other and another in which they could do so collectively. To map their production to healthy diets, both study areas require increases in the production of plant proteins and reductions in the production of red meat. While changes in production can feed more people a healthy diet compared to the business-as-usual state, the overall calories produced reduces dramatically. Emissions and leaching decrease under the healthy diet scenarios and pesticide impacts remain largely unchanged. We show that local infrastructure and environment have a bearing on how “localised” food systems can be without running into substantial constraints. Whilst isolation of the farming system to a regional level, as explored here, is unlikely to be practical, we nevertheless demonstrate that aligning agricultural production towards healthier diets can generate food systems with many associated benefits in terms of agroecosystems' health and resilience to shocks in the food supply chain.