Changes in Cannabis Potency Over the Last 2 Decades (1995-2014): Analysis of Current Data in the United States.
Changes in Cannabis Potency Over the Last 2 Decades (1995-2014): Analysis of Current Data in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.004
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Church JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ElSohly MA;Mehmedic Z;Foster S;Gon C;Chandra S;Church JC
大麻是美国和全世界使用最广泛的非法药物。报告表明大麻制剂的效力一直在增强。本报告调查了过去二十年 DEA（毒品和执法管理局）缉获的非法大麻产品中大麻素的浓度，特别重点是 Δ9-THC 和大麻二酚 (CBD)。本报告中的样品是随着时间的推移从 DEA 没收的材料中收集的，并使用经过验证的“带有氢火焰离子化检测器 (GC/FID) 的气相色谱仪”方法进行处理以进行分析。 1995年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间，共收到并分析了38,681份大麻制剂样品。数据显示，虽然过去四年查获的大麻样品数量有所下降，但精育无籽种子的样品数量有所增加。总体而言，自 1995 年以来，非法大麻植物材料的效力持续上升，从 1995 年的约 4% 上升到 2014 年的约 12%。另一方面，CBD 含量平均从 2001 年的约 0.28% 下降到 2014 年的 <0.15%，导致 THC 与 CBD 的比率从 1995 年的 14 倍变化到约 80 倍。 2014 年，非法大麻植物材料的生产已从普通大麻转向精育无籽大麻。这种效力的增加导致使用大麻的风险更高，特别是在青少年中。
Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States and all over the world. Reports indicate that the potency of cannabis preparation has been increasing. This report examines the concentration of cannabinoids in illicit cannabis products seized by DEA (drug and enforcement administration) over the last two decades, with particular emphasis on Δ9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD). Samples in this report are received over time from DEA confiscated materials and processed for analysis using a validated ‘gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC/FID)’ method. A total of 38,681samples of cannabis preparations were received and analyzed between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2014. The data showed that, while the number of marijuana samples seized over the last four years has declined, the number of sinsemilla samples has increased. Overall, the potency of illicit cannabis plant material has consistently risen over time since 1995 from approximately 4% in 1995 to approximately 12% in 2014. On the other hand, the CBD content has fallen on average from approximately 0.28% in 2001 to <0.15% in 2014, resulting in a change in the ratio of THC to CBD from 14 times in 1995 to approximately 80 times in 2014. It is concluded that there is a shift in the production of illicit cannabis plant material from regular marijuana to sinsemilla. This increase in potency poses higher risk of cannabis use, particularly among adolescents.