Differential modulation of motor cortex plasticity in skill- and endurance-trained athletes
Differential modulation of motor cortex plasticity in skill- and endurance-trained athletes
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DOI：
10.1007/s00421-014-3092-6
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Mrachacz-Kersting, Natalie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kumpulainen, Susanne;Avela, Janne;Mrachacz-Kersting, Natalie
大量证据表明，有规律的体育锻炼对大脑有神经整形作用。在这项研究中，比较了15名训练有素和15名耐力训练的运动员和8名对照组运动对运动皮质可塑性的影响，并用配对联想刺激(PAS)方案进行了可塑性测试。PAS是一种非侵入性刺激方法，旨在诱导皮层投射到靶肌肉的兴奋性发生双向变化。用运动诱发电位(MEP)评估PAS前后作业相关比目鱼肌的运动皮质兴奋性。在PAS前后诱发比目鱼肌短潜伏期伸展反射(SLSR)。PAS使训练组MEP波幅显著增加(76+/-A83%)，而耐力组(-7+/-A35%)和对照组(21+/-A30%)无明显变化。基础MEP/后MEP比值在技能组和耐力组之间有显著差异。PAS干预后SLSR无明显变化，技能组和耐力组运动皮质可塑性差异的可能原因可能与训练诱导的适应不同有关。目前的研究结果表明，由技能组进行的长期技能培训在运动皮质的任务相关区域诱导了更好的适应，因为众所周知，增强的可塑性可以促进运动学习。
Extensive evidence exists that regular physical exercise offers neuroplastic benefits to the brain. In this study, exercise-specific effects on motor cortex plasticity were compared between 15 skilled and 15 endurance trained athletes and 8 controls.Plasticity was tested with a paired associative stimulation (PAS) protocol. PAS is a non-invasive stimulation method developed to induce bidirectional changes in the excitability of the cortical projections to the target muscles. Motor cortex excitability was assessed by motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in the task-relevant soleus muscle, elicited with transcranial magnetic stimulation, before and following PAS. To test for changes at the spinal level, soleus short latency stretch reflexes (SLSR) were elicited before and after PAS.PAS induced a significant (76 +/- A 83 %) increase in MEP amplitude in the skill group, without significant changes in the endurance (-7 +/- A 35 %) or control groups (21 +/- A 30 %). Baseline MEP/post MEP ratio was significantly different between the skill and endurance groups. SLSR remained unchanged after the PAS intervention.The possible reason for differential motor cortex plasticity in skill and endurance groups is likely related to the different training-induced adaptations. The findings of the current study suggest that long-term skill training by skill group induced preferable adaptations in the task-related areas of the motor cortex because increased plasticity is known to enhance motor learning.