Driver's visual attention as a function of driving experience and visibility. Using a driving simulator to explore drivers' eye movements in day, night and rain driving
Driver's visual attention as a function of driving experience and visibility. Using a driving simulator to explore drivers' eye movements in day, night and rain driving
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2009.09.022
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Crundall, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Konstantopoulos, Panos;Chapman, Peter;Crundall, David
道路交通事故是发达国家年轻人死亡的主要原因。造成交通事故的原因有很多；然而，大多数研究人员都认为缺乏驾驶经验是主要因素之一。此外，事实证明，夜间驾驶和下雨等环境因素会增加撞车的风险。这两个因素可能与驾驶员的视觉搜索策略有关，随着经验的增加，视觉搜索策略变得更加高效。在本研究中，我们记录了驾驶教练和学习驾驶员在驾驶模拟器中驾驶包括白天、夜间和雨天路线在内的三条虚拟路线时的眼球运动。结果表明，驾驶教练比学习驾驶员具有更高的采样率、更短的处理时间和更广泛的道路扫描。这种对道路更广泛的扫描可能可以用后视镜检查模式来解释，该模式显示驾驶教练比学习驾驶员更多地关注后视镜。研究还发现，能见度较差的情况，尤其是下雨，会降低驾驶员视觉搜索的有效性。驾驶体验和能见度之间缺乏交互作用表明视觉搜索的某些方面受到一般驾驶体验的影响，而不是特定情况驾驶体验的影响。目前的研究结果支持驾驶体验在修改眼动策略方面的影响。夜间和雨天驾驶事故风险较高的部分原因可能是这些条件下视觉搜索策略的减少。最后，有人认为驾驶模拟器的使用可以提供有关驾驶安全的宝贵见解。 (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Road crashes are the main cause of death of young people in the developed world. The reasons that cause traffic crashes are numerous; however, most researchers agree that a lack of driving experience is one of the major contributing factors. In addition it has been demonstrated that environmental factors such as driving during night and rain increases the risk of a crash. Both of these factors may be related to drivers' visual search strategies that become more efficient with increased experience.In the present study we recorded the eye movements of driving instructors and learner drivers while they drove three virtual routes that included day, night and rain routes in a driving simulator.The results showed that driving instructors had an increased sampling rate, shorter processing time and broader scanning of the road than learner drivers. This broader scanning of the road could be possibly explained by the mirror inspection pattern which revealed that driving instructors fixated more on the side mirrors than learner drivers. Also it was found that poor visibility conditions, especially rain, decrease the effectiveness of drivers' visual search. The lack of interaction between driving experience and visibility suggests that some aspects of visual search are affected by general rather than situation specific driving experience.The present findings support the effect of driving experience in modifying eye movement strategies. The high accident risk of night and rain driving could be partly explained by the decrement in visual search strategies during these conditions. Finally it is argued that the use of driving simulators can provide valuable insights regarding driving safety. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.