Physical activity and cancer risk
Physical activity and cancer risk
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DOI：
10.1079/pns200076
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Hardman, AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hardman, AE
越来越多的证据表明，高水平的体育活动与某些癌症的风险降低有关。这一证据对于结肠癌最为一致，与最不活跃的人相比，最活跃的人的结肠癌发病率降低了40- 50%。这种影响在男性和女性中都很明显，似乎与重要的混杂因素无关。然而，与身体肥胖可能存在重要的相互作用;据报道，高BMI与久坐男性患结肠癌的风险增加有关，但与体力活动男性无关。虽然关于乳腺癌的证据不太一致，但病例对照研究通常表明，在最活跃的女性中，减少了25- 30%，尽管一些研究没有发现效果。潜在的机制包括系统性影响和仅与特定部位癌症相关的其他机制。一个统一的假设是，身体不活动降低胰岛素敏感性，导致生长促进环境，可能促进肿瘤。非特异性免疫系统可以通过身体活动得到改善，可能是通过反复锻炼的累积效应。定期锻炼，即使是娱乐性的锻炼，也可能减少雌激素的暴露，从而降低患乳腺癌的风险。增加结肠蠕动，从而减少肠道通过时间，可能部分解释了活跃人群患结肠癌的风险较低。身体活动是一些癌症的少数几个可改变的风险因素之一，因此，有必要进一步研究。
Evidence is accumulating that high levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of some cancers. This evidence is most consistent for colon cancer, which is reduced by 40-50 % among the most active individuals, compared with the least active. The effect is evident in men and women, and appears to be independent of important confounding factors. However, there may be important interactions with body fatness; a high BMI has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of colon cancer in sedentary men but not in physically-active men. Whilst the evidence on breast cancer is less consistent, case-control studies typically suggest a reduction of 25-30 % among the most active women, although several studies have found no effect. potential mechanisms include systemic influences and others relevant only to site-specific cancers. One unifying hypothesis is that physical inactivity reduces insulin sensitivity, leading to a growth promotional environment which may facilitate neoplasia. The non-specific immune system may be improved by physical activity, possibly through the summative effects of repeated exercise bouts. Regular exercise, even at a recreational level, probably reduces exposure to oestrogen and thus decreases the risk of breast cancer. Increased colonic peristalsis, and thus reduced bowel transit time, might partly explain the lower risk of colon cancer in active people. Physical activity emerges as one of the few modifiable risk factors for some cancers and, as such, justifies further study.