A behavioral model of accessibility based on the number of available opportunities
A behavioral model of accessibility based on the number of available opportunities
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.11.002
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Montanino, Marcello
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cascetta, Ennio;Carteni, Armando;Montanino, Marcello
本文提出了一个新的行为可达性的定义为预期数量的机会“可用”的主体进行一项活动，其中“可用”的意思是机会i）被认为是一个潜在的替代品，以满足一个人的需求，和ii）它可以达到给定的时空限制的个人的时间表。一类新的可访问性模型是根据上述定义，利用基于效用和基于机会的模型的优势，并明确纳入时空约束，这可能会限制感知的机会的可用性。所提出的模型是制定为主动和被动的可访问性，不遭受自反性问题，支持基于行程和基于活动的配方，并扩大从个人到空间聚集的机会，有效地考虑到不同的方式感知机会。此外，由此产生的无障碍措施有一个简单的解释，以物理单位表示，并在不同的地点进行比较。所提出的模型在再现那不勒斯大都市区（意大利）的电影院的积极可访问性的性能进行比较的传统的等时线为基础的措施和距离衰减模型。为此，通过调查收集了个人对电影院的感知测量，并用于校准两个可访问性模型。校准结果表明，该模型优于传统的基于等时线的措施和距离衰减模型校准对相同的数据集，更好地再现感知机会的数量和空间分布。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The paper proposes a new behavioral definition of accessibility as the expected number of opportunities "available" for a subject to perform an activity, where "available" means that the opportunity i) is perceived as a potential alternative to satisfy one's needs, and ii) it can be reached given the spatiotemporal constraints of the individual's schedule. A new class of accessibility models is derived in accordance with the above definition, exploiting the strengths of both utility-based and opportunity-based models, and explicitly incorporating spatiotemporal constraints which may limit the availability of perceived opportunities. The proposed model is formulated for both active and passive accessibility, does not suffer from reflexivity issues, supports both trip based and activity-based formulations, and scales up from individual to spatially aggregated opportunities, taking into account effectively the different ways of perceiving opportunities. Moreover, the resulting accessibility measure has a straightforward interpretation, being expressed in physical units, and is comparable across different locations. Performances of the proposed model in reproducing the active accessibility to cinemas in the Naples metropolitan area (Italy) are compared to those of a traditional isochrone-based measure and a distance-decay model. For this aim, measurements of individuals' perceived cinemas were gathered through a survey, and adopted for the calibration of both the accessibility models. Calibration results show that the proposed model outperforms both the traditional isochrone-based measure and a distance-decay model calibrated against the same dataset, better reproducing both the quantity and spatial distribution of perceived opportunities. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.