Integrated action of pheromone signals in promoting courtship behavior in male mice.
Integrated action of pheromone signals in promoting courtship behavior in male mice.
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作者：
Haga-Yamanaka S;Ma L;He J;Qiu Q;Lavis LD;Looger LL;Yu CR
哺乳动物犁鼻器编码有关性别、生殖状态、遗传背景和个体差异的信息素信息。目前仍不清楚信息素信息如何相互作用以触发先天行为。在这项研究中，我们确定了负责检测女性信息素的犁鼻受体。 V1re 分支成员的一个亚群可以识别女性尿液中的性别识别线索。 V1rj 分支的多个成员是尿动情信号以及硫酸化雌激素 (SE) 化合物的同源受体。在这两种情况下，相同的线索激活多个同源受体，表明编码女性信息素线索的冗余。单独的性别特异性线索和 SE 都不足以促进雄性小鼠的求爱行为，而当两种线索一起应用时，可以诱导强烈的求偶行为。因此，信息素触发的交配行为需要不同雌性线索的综合作用。这些结果表明犁鼻回路中存在促进特定先天行为的门控机制。 DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03025.001 信息素是生物释放的化学物质，它们会导致同一物种的其他生物产生一系列社会反应。例如，这些化学信号可以让动物知道合适的配偶何时接近，并触发激素的释放，鼓励动物交配。在哺乳动物中，口腔顶部和鼻子之间的器官可以检测信息素。该器官含有 300 多种不同的这些化学物质受体。然而，这些受体中只有少数与它们检测到的信息素相匹配。一个例子是雄性小鼠释放的一种化学物质，它与特定的鼻受体相互作用，导致雌性小鼠拱起背部，以表明她已准备好交配。更多信息素受体对未知的原因之一是信息素的释放量非常小，这使得它们难以检测。为了鉴定更多对，Haga-Yamanaka 等人。从检测小鼠信息素的器官中取出组织切片，然后寻找对雌性小鼠尿液做出反应的细胞。发现了两个以前未知的信息素受体对。一只帮助雄性老鼠检测雌性何时出现，而另一只则让雄性老鼠知道雌性是否准备好交配。这两种化学物质一起提醒雄性小鼠有潜在的配偶，并促使雄性小鼠骑上雌性进行交配。然而，这两种化学物质本身都无法引发这种雄性求爱行为。 Haga-Yamanaka 等人开发的技术。将来可能有助于识别更多的信息素受体对。下一个挑战将是确定神经细胞整合信息素信息并触发求爱行为的途径。 DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03025.002
The mammalian vomeronasal organ encodes pheromone information about gender, reproductive status, genetic background and individual differences. It remains unknown how pheromone information interacts to trigger innate behaviors. In this study, we identify vomeronasal receptors responsible for detecting female pheromones. A sub-group of V1re clade members recognizes gender-identifying cues in female urine. Multiple members of the V1rj clade are cognate receptors for urinary estrus signals, as well as for sulfated estrogen (SE) compounds. In both cases, the same cue activates multiple homologous receptors, suggesting redundancy in encoding female pheromone cues. Neither gender-specific cues nor SEs alone are sufficient to promote courtship behavior in male mice, whereas robust courtship behavior can be induced when the two cues are applied together. Thus, integrated action of different female cues is required in pheromone-triggered mating behavior. These results suggest a gating mechanism in the vomeronasal circuit in promoting specific innate behavior. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03025.001 Pheromones are chemicals that are given off by living things and they lead to a range of social responses in others of the same species. These chemical signals, for example, can let an animal know when a suitable mate is near and trigger the release of hormones that encourage the animal to mate. In mammals, an organ found between the roof of the mouth and the nose detects pheromones. This organ contains more than 300 different receptors for these chemicals. However, only a few of these receptors have been matched with the pheromones that they detect. One example is a chemical released by male mice that interacts with a specific nasal receptor and causes a female mouse to arch her back in a way that signals she is ready to mate. One reason that more pheromone-receptor pairs are not known is that pheromones are released in very small quantities, which makes them hard to detect. In an effort to identify more pairs, Haga-Yamanaka et al. took tissue slices from the organ that detects pheromones in mice and then looked for cells that responded to the urine of female mice. Two previously unknown pheromone-receptor pairs were found. One helps male mice detect when a female is present, while the other lets him know if she is ready to mate. Together these two chemicals alert a male mouse to a potential mate and cause him to mount her in order to mate. However, neither chemical is able to trigger this male courtship behavior on its own. The techniques developed by Haga-Yamanaka et al. may, in the future, help identify more pheromone-receptor pairs. The next challenge will be to identify the pathways of nerve cells that integrate the information about pheromones and trigger the courtship behaviors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03025.002