Earth as a transducer for dark-photon dark-matter detection
Earth as a transducer for dark-photon dark-matter detection
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.104.075023
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
M. Fedderke;P. Graham;Derek F. Jackson Kimball;Saarik Kalia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Fedderke;P. Graham;Derek F. Jackson Kimball;Saarik Kalia
我们建议使用地球作为超轻暗物质探测的传感器。我们特别指出了暗光子暗物质动力学混合的新信号：地球表面产生的单色振荡磁场。与屏蔽盒（或空腔）中实验室实验中的信号类似，该信号的产生是因为低层大气是夹在下方地球高导电内部与上方电离层或行星际介质之间的低导电率气隙。在低质量（频率）下，实验室探测器中的信号通常受到探测器尺寸乘以暗物质质量的抑制。至关重要的是，在我们的例子中，抑制是由地球的半径决定的，而不是由（小得多的）大气层高度决定的。我们计算磁场信号的大小和全局矢量模式，从而可以使用分散在地球表面的非屏蔽磁力计来灵敏地搜索该信号。原则上，我们计算的信号对于质量范围 $10^{-21} \text{eV}\lesssim m_{A'} \lesssim 3\times 10^{-14} \text{eV}$ 内的任何暗光子都存在。我们总结了我们的配套论文 [arXiv:2108.08852] 的结果，其中我们使用 SuperMAG Collaboration 的公开数据集详细介绍了这样的搜索：我们报告没有鲁棒的候选信号，因此在（更有限的）暗光子暗物质质量范围 $2\times 10^{-18} \text{eV} \lesssim m_{A'} \lesssim 7\times 中设置约束10^{-17} \text{eV}$ （对应频率 $6\times 10^{-4} \text{Hz}\lesssim f \lesssim 2\times 10^{-2} \text{Hz}$）。这些限制是对现有天体物理限制的补充。未来对该信号的搜索可能会提高对各种超轻暗物质候选者和质量的灵敏度。
We propose the use of the Earth as a transducer for ultralight dark-matter detection. In particular we point out a novel signal of kinetically mixed dark-photon dark matter: a monochromatic oscillating magnetic field generated at the surface of the Earth. Similar to the signal in a laboratory experiment in a shielded box (or cavity), this signal arises because the lower atmosphere is a low-conductivity air gap sandwiched between the highly conductive interior of the Earth below and ionosphere or interplanetary medium above. At low masses (frequencies) the signal in a laboratory detector is usually suppressed by the size of the detector multiplied by the dark-matter mass. Crucially, in our case the suppression is by the radius of the Earth, and not by the (much smaller) height of the atmosphere. We compute the size and global vectorial pattern of our magnetic field signal, which enables sensitive searches for this signal using unshielded magnetometers dispersed over the surface of the Earth. In principle, the signal we compute exists for any dark photon in the mass range $10^{-21} \text{eV}\lesssim m_{A'} \lesssim 3\times 10^{-14} \text{eV}$. We summarize the results of our companion paper [arXiv:2108.08852], in which we detail such a search using a publicly available dataset from the SuperMAG Collaboration: we report no robust signal candidates and so place constraints in the (more limited) dark-photon dark-matter mass range $2\times 10^{-18} \text{eV} \lesssim m_{A'} \lesssim 7\times 10^{-17} \text{eV}$ (corresponding to frequencies $6\times 10^{-4} \text{Hz}\lesssim f \lesssim 2\times 10^{-2} \text{Hz}$). These constraints are complementary to existing astrophysical bounds. Future searches for this signal may improve the sensitivity over a wide range of ultralight dark-matter candidates and masses.