Getting On in Gotham: The Midtown Manhattan Study and Putting the "Social" in Psychiatry.
Getting On in Gotham: The Midtown Manhattan Study and Putting the "Social" in Psychiatry.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11013-021-09751-4
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发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Smith M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith M
1962年春天，一系列令人震惊的头条新闻映入美国报纸读者的眼帘。从“纽约只为坚果而活”和“五分之一的人在这里精神健康”到“刮一个纽约人，你会发现什么？”和“城市得到心理测试，结果是真实的疯狂，”这些故事强调了令人震惊的，对一些人来说，令人难以置信的统计数据，只有不到五分之一（18.5%）的曼哈顿人有良好的心理健康。其中约四分之一的人心理健康状况很差，实际上丧失了工作能力，往往无法工作或进行社会活动。头条新闻是从大都会的心理健康（1962）中收集的，这是曼哈顿中城研究的第一个主要成果，这是一个大规模的跨学科项目，调查了1660名年龄在20岁到59岁之间的上东白色居民的心理健康。第二次世界大战后出现的最重要的社会精神病学项目之一，中城曼哈顿研究最终“测试了生物社会和社会文化因素对心理健康留下印记的一般假设，当从大量人口提供的全景视角观察时，这些印记是可以辨别的”。尽管媒体和学术界最初对此很感兴趣，但曼哈顿中城研究的发现很快就被遗忘了，因为美国精神病学将注意力转向了个体而不是群体的精神病理学，并转向了大脑而不是环境来解释。依靠档案资料，当代医学和社会科学文献，以及口述历史访谈，本文解释了为什么中城曼哈顿研究未能成为更有影响力的，结论是，它强调的作用，社会孤立和贫困的精神疾病应该得到更认真的今天。
In the spring of 1962, a series of alarming headlines greeted American newspaper readers. From “New York Living for Nuts Only” and “One in Five Here Mentally Fit” to “Scratch a New Yorker, and What Do You Find?” and “City Gets Mental Test, Results are Real Crazy,” the stories highlighted the shocking and, to some, incredible statistics that fewer than one in five (18.5%) Manhattanites had good mental health. Approximately a quarter of them had such bad mental health that they were effectively incapacitated, often unable to work or function socially. The headlines were gleaned from Mental Health in the Metropolis (1962), the first major output of the Midtown Manhattan Study, a large-scale, interdisciplinary project that surveyed the mental health of 1660 white Upper East Side residents between the ages of 20 and 59. One of the most significant social psychiatry projects to emerge following the Second World War, the Midtown Manhattan Study endeavored to “test the general hypothesis that biosocial and sociocultural factors leave imprints on mental health which are discernible when viewed from the panoramic perspective provided by a large population.” Despite initial media and academic interest, however, the Midtown Manhattan Study’s findings were soon forgotten, as American psychiatry turned its focus to individual—rather than population—psychopathology, and turned to the brain—rather than the environment—for explanations. Relying on archival sources, contemporary medical and social scientific literature, and oral history interviews, this article explains why the Midtown Manhattan Study failed to become more influential, concluding that its emphasis on the role of social isolation and poverty in mental illness should be taken more seriously today.
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影响因子：
14.6
作者：
Gilman, Stephen E.;Sucha, Ewa;Colman, Ian
通讯作者：
Colman, Ian
DOI：
10.1257/aer.20160133
发表时间：
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期刊：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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