Defining and Quantifying National-Level Targets, Indicators and Benchmarks for Management of Natural Resources to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
Defining and Quantifying National-Level Targets, Indicators and Benchmarks for Management of Natural Resources to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
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DOI：
10.3390/su11020462
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发表时间：
2019-01-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Dahir, Lula
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickens, Chris;Smakhtin, Vladimir;Dahir, Lula
2030年可持续发展议程，即可持续发展目标，是世界上大多数国家的优先议程。联合国在其发表的可持续发展目标中提供了目标和指标说明，如果在国家一级实施，将导致一个可持续的未来。可持续发展目标机构间专家组的任务是向各国传播可用来收集描述全球可持续发展进展情况的数据的指标和方法。然而，《2030年议程》让各国通过这些目标，各国政府根据全球雄心水平制定自己的国家目标，但要考虑到本国的情况。目前，关于如何开展这项工作的指导意见很少，但很明显，落实的责任在于各国，国家一级的行动将决定可持续发展目标的成功。按国家分列的可持续发展目标报告有两种形式：(1)使用规定的指标方法和数据的全球报告；(2)国家自愿审查，即一个国家更详细地报告自己的进展情况，但也能够提出更适合本国的数据。对于后者，各国需要能够调整全球指标以适应国家优先事项和背景，因此可以减少对指标的全球描述，只描述与国家相关的内容。对于国家自愿审查，各国也可以使用本国独有的指标，但仍有助于衡量实现全球可持续发展目标的进展情况。重要的是，对于那些涉及自然资源安全的指标(例如水)，没有规定的数字目标/标准或基准。相反，各国将需要制定自己的基准或标准来评估业绩。这份文件介绍了一种程序，使一个国家能够描述国家目标以及与之相关联的适用于该国的基准。这一程序建立在其他国家的先例基础上，但特别是建立在南非为确定资源质量目标而制定的程序之上。该程序侧重于那些以自然资源安全为重点的可持续发展目标，例如与水有关的生态系统的范围(6.6)、荒漠化(15.3)等等，因为指标方法和基准的选择是基于自然资源的位置、其使用和现状以及它们如何纳入国家战略。
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), are high on the agenda for most countries of the world. In its publication of the SDGs, the UN has provided the goals and target descriptions that, if implemented at a country level, would lead towards a sustainable future. The IAEG (InterAgency Expert Group of the SDGs) was tasked with disseminating indicators and methods to countries that can be used to gather data describing the global progress towards sustainability. However, 2030 Agenda leaves it to countries to adopt the targets with each government setting its own national targets guided by the global level of ambition but taking into account national circumstances. At present, guidance on how to go about this is scant but it is clear that the responsibility is with countries to implement and that it is actions at a country level that will determine the success of the SDGs. Reporting on SDGs by country takes on two forms: (i) global reporting using prescribed indicator methods and data; (ii) National Voluntary Reviews where a country reports on its own progress in more detail but is also able to present data that are more appropriate for the country. For the latter, countries need to be able to adapt the global indicators to fit national priorities and context, thus the global description of an indicator could be reduced to describe only what is relevant to the country. Countries may also, for the National Voluntary Review, use indicators that are unique to the country but nevertheless contribute to measurement of progress towards the global SDG target. Importantly, for those indicators that relate to the security of natural resources security (e.g., water) indicators, there are no prescribed numerical targets/standards or benchmarks. Rather countries will need to set their own benchmarks or standards against which performance can be evaluated. This paper presents a procedure that would enable a country to describe national targets with associated benchmarks that are appropriate for the country. The procedure builds on precedent set in other countries but in particular on a procedure developed for the setting of Resource Quality Objectives in South Africa. The procedure focusses on those SDG targets that are natural resource-security focused, for example, extent of water-related ecosystems (6.6), desertification (15.3) and so forth, because the selection of indicator methods and benchmarks is based on the location of natural resources, their use and present state and how they fit into national strategies.