Supercritical fluid extraction of bitumens from Utah oil sands
Supercritical fluid extraction of bitumens from Utah oil sands
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-3820(97)00076-3
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发表时间：
1998-04
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
M. Subramanian;F. V. Hanson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Subramanian;F. V. Hanson
以丙烷为溶剂，对Uinta盆地(Utah)四个主要油砂矿床中的沥青进行了超临界流体萃取(SFE)。研究的矿床包括怀特洛克、沥青岭、PR Spring和Sunnyside。这些矿藏的沥青在物理和化学性质上差异很大。白岩沥青、沥青岭沥青、PR斯普林斯沥青和阳光山沥青的挥发分(沸点为811K)分别为46.6、53.5、45.4和40.9wt.%，相对分子质量分别为653、426、670和593 kg/kg摩尔，沥青质含量(正戊烷不溶物)分别为2.9、6.8、19.3和23.6wt.%。超临界流体萃取实验在五种条件下进行，三种不同压力(5.6、10.4和17.3兆帕)和三种温度(339K、380K和422K)的组合。在所有操作条件下，四种沥青的累积萃取率都随着溶剂密度的增加而增加。在最高的溶剂密度下，Whiterock沥青的产率最高，为45wt.%。与沥青相比，萃取物是明显升级的液体。在提取的早期阶段，所有四种沥青的抽提物都相对较轻，而在较高的抽提溶剂密度下得到较重的抽提物。对于所有四种沥青，渣油馏分的沥青质含量都显著高于按比例预测的沥青质含量。这一趋势是由于共溶解成分的提取，使沥青质悬浮在沥青中。结果表明，溶质极性对四种沥青的抽提率有显著影响。怀特洛克沥青是沥青质含量最低的极性沥青，在所有五个操作条件下，与其他三个矿藏的沥青相比，它的抽提率更高。在所有五种条件下，沥青质含量最高的Sunnyside沥青的抽提率最低。具有中极性(基于沥青质含量)的沥青岭沥青和PR Spring沥青具有中等抽提率，其中沥青岭沥青抽提率高于PR Spring沥青。利用Peng-Robinson立方状态方程和伪组分集总方案对抽提过程进行了初步模拟，与白岩和PR Spring沥青的实验数据进行了合理的匹配。
The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of bitumens from four major Uinta Basin (Utah) oil sand deposits was studied with propane solvent. The deposits studied included Whiterocks, Asphalt Ridge, PR Spring and Sunnyside. The bitumens from these deposits differed widely in physical and chemical properties. The volatilities (components with boiling point <811 K) were 46.6, 53.5, 45.4 and 40.9 wt.%; the molecular weights were 653, 426, 670 and 593 kg/kg mol; and the asphaltene contents (n-pentane insolubles) were 2.9, 6.8, 19.3 and 23.6 wt.% for the Whiterocks, Asphalt Ridge, PR Spring and Sunnyside bitumens, respectively. The SFE experiments were carried out at five conditions, combinations of three different pressures (5.6 MPa, 10.4 MPa, and 17.3 MPa) and three temperatures (339 K, 380 K and 422 K). The cumulative extraction yield increased with increase in solvent density at all operating conditions for the four bitumens. A maximum yield of 45 wt.% was obtained at the highest solvent density with the Whiterocks bitumen. The extraction products were significantly upgraded liquids relative to the bitumens. Comparatively lighter fractions were extracted in the earlier stages of extraction for all the four bitumens, whereas heavier extracts were obtained at higher extraction-solvent densities. The asphaltene contents of the residual fractions were significantly higher than the asphaltene contents predicted on a prorated basis for all four bitumens. This trend was due to the extraction of cosolubilizing components that kept the asphaltenes in suspension in the bitumen. It was concluded that solute polarity played a significant role in the extraction yields of the four bitumens. The Whiterocks bitumen, which was the least polar bitumen based on asphaltenes content, gave higher extraction yields compared to the bitumens from the other three deposits at all five operating conditions. The Sunnyside bitumen with the highest asphaltene content gave the lowest extraction yield at all five conditions. The Asphalt Ridge and PR Spring bitumens with intermediate polarity (based on asphaltene content) gave intermediate extraction yields with the Asphalt Ridge bitumen extraction yields higher than the PR Spring bitumen. Preliminary modeling of the extraction process using the Peng–Robinson cubic equation of state and a pseudocomponent lumping scheme provided a reasonable match with the experimental data for Whiterocks and PR Spring bitumens.