Restructuring Global Governance: Cosmopolitanism, Democracy and the Global Order
Restructuring Global Governance: Cosmopolitanism, Democracy and the Global Order
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重构全球治理：世界主义、民主与全球秩序
DOI：
10.1177/0305829809103231
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
David Held
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
David Held
世界主义关注的是揭示政治秩序的伦理、文化和法律的基础，在这个世界上，政治社区和国家是重要的，但不仅仅是唯一的。在每个国家的发展轨迹都紧密相连的情况下，需要认识到“国家原因”的重要性。虽然国家是帮助提供有效的公共承认、平等自由和社会正义的非常重要的工具，但它们不应被认为是本体论上的特权。人们可以通过它们在多大程度上提供了这些公共产品，以及在多大程度上失败来评判它们;因为国家的历史当然不仅以糟糕的领导和腐败阶段为标志，而且还以最残酷的事件为标志。与我们全球化时代相关的世界主义必须以此为出发点，建立一个道德上健全和政治上健全的概念，即政治共同体的适当基础和共同体之间的关系。本文探讨了为什么世界主义仍然是一种引人注目的政治哲学和应对全球挑战的方法。第一部分阐述了世界主义的背景，即解释为什么世界主义与全球政治和社会问题有关。它侧重于植根于领先的国际制度和组织的世界性价值观。接下来的部分将更详细地探讨世界主义的结构和含义，并阐述我如何理解这一重要概念。第三部分论述了世界性价值观和原则与世界性法律的共同体理念的关系。最后两节审查了这些概念在应对当今许多全球挑战方面的重要性。他们的论点是，多边秩序不足以应对21世纪世纪面临的全球问题，其基础原则也不合适。有人认为，世界主义揭示了一种更合适和更有成效的方法。因此，本文提供了一个关于世界主义与全球挑战的相关性的说明，而不是对世界主义的主要批评进行辩护
Cosmopolitanism is concerned to disclose the ethical, cultural and legal basis of political order in a world where political communities and states matter, but not only and exclusively. In circumstances where the trajectories of each and every country are tightly entwined, the partiality of ‘ reasons of state’ needs to be recognised. While states are hugely important vehicles to aid the delivery of effective public recognition, equal liberty and social justice, they should not be thought of as ontologically privileged. They can be judged by how far they deliver these public goods and how far they fail; for the history of states is marked, of course, not just by phases of bad leadership and corruption but also by the most brutal episodes. A cosmopolitanism relevant to our global age must take this as a starting point, and build an ethically sound and politically robust conception of the proper basis of political community, and of the relations among communities. This article examines why cosmopolitanism remains a compelling political philosophy and approach to global challenges. The first section sets out the context of cosmopolitanism, that is, an explanation of why cosmopolitanism is relevant to global political and social problems. It focuses on cosmopolitan values rooted in leading international regimes and organisations. The section that follows explores the structure and meaning of cosmopolitanism in more detail, and sets out how I understand this important concept. The third section discusses the relation between cosmopolitan values and principles and the idea of a cosmopolitan legal community. The final two sections examine the significance of these notions in meeting many of today’s global challenges. The argument is that the multilateral order is inadequate, and the principles that underpin it are inappropriate, to the global issues faced in the 21st century. Cosmopolitanism, it is contended, discloses a more suitable and productive approach. Accordingly, the article offers an account of the relevance of cosmopolitanism to global challenges, rather than a defence of cosmopolitanism against leading criticisms