China's Classification-Based Forest Management: Procedures, Problems, and Prospects
China's Classification-Based Forest Management: Procedures, Problems, and Prospects
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中国森林分类经营：过程、问题与前景
DOI：
10.1007/s00267-008-9229-9
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Tang, Lina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dai, Limin;Zhao, Fuqiang;Tang, Lina
中国的森林分类经营是一个两级体系，包括商品林和生态公益林，根据其不同的功能和服务而得名。森林资源管理的宗旨是完善林业经济体制，加强市场经济条件下的资源管理，缓解木材需求与公益性的矛盾，满足中国多样化的森林服务需求。中国《财务管理理论》的形成过程经历了一系列的试炼和修改。2000年，中国领导的中央政府加快了CFM的改革，并于2003年完成了最终版本。在中央政府的补贴下，在省级一级实施了CFM。2006年和2007年，中国约四分之一的林地被国家林业局批准为国家EWF用地。国家EWF土地上禁止伐木，其土地所有者或管理者从中央政府获得每公顷约70元人民币(10美元)的补贴。森林生态效益管理是中国提出的一项新的林业战略，其实施不可避免地面临着挑战：增进对森林生态服务功能的认识，在全国范围内推广EWF和COF土地的认定标准，建立专门的森林生态效益补偿机制，提高管理者和公众对CFM的认识，以及在中国现有的林地保有制度下维持EWF土地。然而，森林资源管理确实为中国的可持续森林管理提供了一条可行的途径。
China's new Classification-Based Forest Management (CFM) is a two-class system, including Commodity Forest (CoF) and Ecological Welfare Forest (EWF) lands, so named according to differences in their distinct functions and services. The purposes of CFM are to improve forestry economic systems, strengthen resource management in a market economy, ease the conflicts between wood demands and public welfare, and meet the diversified needs for forest services in China. The formative process of China's CFM has involved a series of trials and revisions. China's central government accelerated the reform of CFM in the year 2000 and completed the final version in 2003. CFM was implemented at the provincial level with the aid of subsidies from the central government. About a quarter of the forestland in China was approved as National EWF lands by the State Forestry Administration in 2006 and 2007. Logging is prohibited on National EWF lands, and their landowners or managers receive subsidies of about 70 RMB (US$10) per hectare from the central government. CFM represents a new forestry strategy in China and its implementation inevitably faces challenges in promoting the understanding of forest ecological services, generalizing nationwide criteria for identifying EWF and CoF lands, setting up forest-specific compensation mechanisms for ecological benefits, enhancing the knowledge of administrators and the general public about CFM, and sustaining EWF lands under China's current forestland tenure system. CFM does, however, offer a viable pathway toward sustainable forest management in China.