On the Plasticity of the Survival Processing Effect
On the Plasticity of the Survival Processing Effect
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DOI：
10.1037/a0024493
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Erdfelder, Edgar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kroneisen, Meike;Erdfelder, Edgar
Nairne、Thompson 和 Pandeirada (2007) 发现，在与生存相关的环境中处理的单词材料具有强大且相当普遍的记忆优势。对这种效应的一种可能的解释是将生存处理视为一种特殊的编码形式：大自然专门“调整”我们的记忆系统来处理和记住与健身相关的信息。我们通过研究生存处理效果是否对不影响信息适应性相关性的编码操作具有鲁棒性来测试这一解释。三个实验在标准条件下复制了强大的生存处理效果，但表明当参与者专注于单个生存问题（实验1和2）或技术（实验3）时，生存处理的助记效果会减弱甚至消失。我们认为，促进回忆的并不是生存处理本身，而是信息编码的丰富性和独特性。
Nairne, Thompson, and Pandeirada (2007) discovered a strong and rather general memory advantage for word material processed in a survival-related context. One possible explanation of this effect conceives survival processing as a special form of encoding: Nature specifically "tuned" our memory systems to process and remember fitness-relevant information. We tested this explanation by studying whether the survival processing effect is robust against encoding manipulations that do not affect the fitness relevance of information. Three experiments replicated a strong survival processing effect under standard conditions but showed that the mnemonic benefit of survival processing diminishes or even vanishes when participants focus on a single problem (Experiments 1 and 2) or technique (Experiment 3) of survival. We argue that it is not survival processing per se that facilitates recall but the richness and distinctiveness with which information is encoded.