Biological Assessment of Urban and Agricultural Streams in the California Central Valley
Biological Assessment of Urban and Agricultural Streams in the California Central Valley
复制标题
加州中央山谷城市和农业溪流的生物评估
DOI：
10.1007/s10661-006-9438-8
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
F. Spurlock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Juanita Bacey;F. Spurlock
本项目旨在建立加州中央山谷可涉水溪流中水生生物群落结构和自然栖息地条件的基线。第二个目标是评估不同地点类型和季节之间可能存在的水质差异。从2002年秋季开始，对两条农业河流和两条城市河流进行了连续两年的春秋季监测。生物评价取样按照改良的美国环保局方法进行。该研究包括物理栖息地评估、水和沉积物化学分析以及每个地点底栖大型无脊椎动物群落的特征。对水样进行了有机磷杀虫剂、拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂和除草剂的分析，而对沉积物样品仅进行了拟除虫菊酯的分析。所有样地均存在严重的自然生境和水质损害，不耐污染大型无脊椎动物的缺失和耐污染大型无脊椎动物的优势是生物损害的标志。由于收集的水质和农药数据有限，无法明确证明BMI群落结构与水质或农药浓度之间存在因果关系。尽管城市和农业样地的大部分物理栖息地参数相似，EPA物理栖息地得分无显著差异（P= 0.290），但基材嵌入性差异显著（P= 0.020）。所有地点的优势分类群均为手鸣类、片脚类和寡毛类。底栖大型无脊椎动物指标在两种地点类型（P= 0.001）和季节之间存在显著差异（P= 0.014）。手蛾科分类群和功能摄食组分类群在城市站点上的差异较大，而功能摄食组分类群在农业站点上的差异较大。此外，春蛾科、滤食类和捕食类的数量多于秋蛾科。
This project was designed to establish baseline aquatic biological community structure and physical habitat conditions in select wadeable streams within the California Central Valley. A secondary objective was to evaluate possible water quality differences between site types and seasons. Two agricultural and two urban streams were monitored in spring and fall for two consecutive years beginning in the fall of 2002. Bioassessment sampling was conducted according to modified US EPA methods. The study included physical habitat assessment, water and sediment chemical analysis and characterization of the benthic macroinvertebrate community at each site. Water samples were analyzed for selected organophosphate insecticides, pyrethroid insecticides and herbicides, while sediment samples were analyzed for pyrethroids only. All sites had substantial physical habitat and water quality impairments, and the absence of pollution intolerant macroinvertebrates and dominance of pollution tolerant macroinvertebrates were indications of biological impairment. Due to the limited amount of water quality and pesticide data collected, it was not possible to definitively demonstrate any cause and effect relationships between BMI community structure and water quality or pesticide concentrations. Though most physical habitat parameters were similar and EPA physical habitat scores revealed on no significant differences between urban and agricultural sites (P= 0.290), a significant difference was seen in substrate embeddedness (P= 0.020). Dominant taxon found at all sites were chironomids, amphipods, and oligochaetes. Benthic macroinvertebrate metrics were significantly different between both types of sites (P= 0.001) and seasons (P= 0.014). Chironomidae taxon and those of the functional feeding group scrapers were greater at urban sites, while those of the functional feeding group filterers were greater at agricultural sites. In addition, the metric groups Chironomidae, filterers, and predators were found in greater numbers in the spring than the fall.