Health Care Organizations and Policy Leadership: Perspectives on Nonsmoker-Only Hiring Policies.
Health Care Organizations and Policy Leadership: Perspectives on Nonsmoker-Only Hiring Policies.
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医疗保健组织和政策领导：对仅限非吸烟者的招聘政策的看法。
DOI：
10.1097/acm.0000000000001956
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Malone,RuthE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McDaniel,PatriciaA;Malone,RuthE
目的探讨雇主基于烟草或尼古丁使用制定招聘政策的决定，以及社区对这些政策的看法，并分析其对组织认同、社区参与和健康促进的影响。方法从2013年到2016年，对来自6家医疗保健机构和1家非医疗保健机构的11名高管进行了访谈，询问他们制定和实施政策的原因和方式、对政策的担忧以及员工和公众反应的看法。焦点小组与居住在参与雇主所在城市或附近的社区成员（n= 51）一起进行，探讨参与者对雇主为什么会停止雇用吸烟者以及他们是否支持这种政策的看法。结果大多数雇主将使用各种形式尼古丁的人排除在外。有几家解释说，他们采用这项政策是无烟校园的自然延伸，也符合他们作为医疗机构的身份。他们认为这项政策是促进健康的。没有雇主提到在实施该政策之前与社区对话，也没有雇主报告说他们努力追踪该政策对被拒求职者的影响。社区成员理解这些政策节约成本的吸引力，但大多数人反对。他们对医疗机构几乎没有例外。结论：卫生保健机构所做的政策决定具有超越其直接环境的影响，并可能为其他机构建立先例。仅限吸烟的招聘政策可能符合卫生保健组织的机构身份，但可能不符合社区价值观或促进公共健康。
PurposeTo explore employers’ decisions to base hiring policies on tobacco or nicotine use and community perspectives on such policies, and analyze the implications for organizational identity, community engagement, and health promotion.MethodFrom 2013 to 2016, 11 executives from six health care organizations and one non-health-care organization with nonsmoker-only hiring policies were interviewed about why and how their policies were created and implemented, concerns about the policies, and perceptions of employee and public reactions. Focus groups were conducted with community members (n= 51) who lived in or near cities where participating employers were based, exploring participants’ opinions about why an employer would stop hiring smokers and their support (or not) for such a policy.ResultsMost employers excluded from employment those using all forms of nicotine. Several explained their adoption of the policy as a natural extension of a smoke-free campus and as consistent with their identity as health care organizations. They regarded the policy as promoting health. No employer mentioned engaging in a community dialogue before adopting the policy or reported efforts to track the policy’s impact on rejected applicants. Community members understood the cost-saving appeal of such policies, but most opposed them. They made few exceptions for health care organizations.ConclusionsPolicy decisions undertaken by health care organizations have influence beyond their immediate setting and may establish precedents that others follow. Nonsmoker-only hiring policies may fit with a health care organization’s institutional identity but may not be congruent with community values or promote public health.