Mild cognitive impairment: a concept and diagnostic entity in need of input from neuropsychology.
Mild cognitive impairment: a concept and diagnostic entity in need of input from neuropsychology.
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DOI：
10.1017/s1355617714000010
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发表时间：
2014-02
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Smith, Glenn E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bondi, Mark W.;Smith, Glenn E.
关键词：
这个虚拟问题包括以前发表在国际神经心理学会杂志上的研究，并根据其内容选择，这些内容与过去十年中行为神经学和神经心理学中研究最多的概念之一：轻度认知障碍（MCI）。在大多数研究中，依赖认知筛查措施，基于分期的评级量表和有限的神经心理学测试来诊断MCI可能会错过具有轻微认知下降的个体，或者在更广泛的神经心理学测试中将认知正常的人误诊为MCI。汇编的文章强调了依赖这些常规标准进行MCI诊断的危险，并揭示了当采用合理的神经心理学方法时，诊断的可靠性如何提高。当这些要求得到满足，我们说明了第二系列的文章，神经心理学措施与生物标志物密切相关，往往反映病理超出或代替典型的AD分布。最后一组文章显示，MCI患者表现出轻微但可识别的功能障碍，神经心理学面临的挑战是如何将这些信息纳入更好地定义MCI并将其与早期痴呆症区分开来。神经心理学具有独特的地位，通过提供关于受晚年主要神经退行性疾病影响的特定认知领域以及研究中使用的诊断决策策略的至关重要的经验信息，来改善MCI研究和实践中的科学状态。当这种努力更全面地评估神经心理功能，更好地表征幸存和受损的认知和功能能力的结果，并导致更令人信服的关联与其他生物标志物，以及预测临床结果。
This virtual issue consists of studies previously published in the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society and selected on the basis of their content related to one of the most highly researched concepts in behavioral neurology and neuropsychology over the past decade: mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The reliance on cognitive screening measures, staging-based rating scales, and limited neuropsychological testing in diagnosing MCI across most research studies may miss individuals with subtle cognitive declines or mis-diagnose MCI in those who are otherwise cognitively normal on a broader neuropsychological battery of tests. The assembled articles highlight the perils of relying on these conventional criteria for MCI diagnosis and reveal how the reliability of diagnosis is improved when sound neuropsychological approaches are adopted. When these requirements are met, we illustrate with a second series of articles that neuropsychological measures associate strongly with biomarkers and often reflect pathology beyond or instead of typical AD distributions. The final set of articles reveal that people with MCI demonstrate mild but identifiable functional difficulties, and a challenge for neuropsychology is how to incorporate this information to better define MCI and distinguish it from early dementia. Neuropsychology is uniquely positioned to improve upon the state of the science in MCI research and practice by providing critically important empirical information on the specific cognitive domains affected by the predominant neurodegenerative disorders of late life as well as on the diagnostic decision-making strategies used in studies. When such efforts to more comprehensively assess neuropsychological functions are undertaken, better characterizations of spared and impaired cognitive and functional abilities result and lead to more convincing associations with other biomarkers as well as to prediction of clinical outcomes.