Melanesian and asian origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific
Melanesian and asian origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msl093
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Stoneking, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kayser, Manfred;Brauer, Silke;Stoneking, Mark
太平洋岛屿的人类住区是人类最近的重大移徙事件之一。根据语言学证据，波利尼西亚人起源于亚洲，根据考古学证据，波利尼西亚人起源于美拉尼西亚。为了阐明波利尼西亚人的遗传起源，我们调查了来自8个岛屿群的400多名波利尼西亚人，并通过Y染色体（NRY）和线粒体DNA（mtDNA）标记与来自美拉尼西亚，东南亚和东亚以及澳大利亚的潜在亲本群体的900多名个体进行了比较。总体而言，我们将94.1%的波利尼西亚Y染色体和99.8%的波利尼西亚mtDNA分为美拉尼西亚（NRY-DNA：65.8%，mtDNA：6%）或亚洲（NRY-DNA：28.3%，mtDNA：93.8%）起源，这表明波利尼西亚人的双重遗传起源与“慢船”假说一致。我们的数据表明，波利尼西亚人对更多的美拉尼西亚男性比女性明显的混合偏见，也许是由于matrilocal居住在波利尼西亚祖先的社会。虽然测年方法与波利尼西亚的NRY/mtDNA单倍型群的相似条目是一致的，单倍型共享表明美拉尼西亚单倍型群比亚洲的更早出现。令人惊讶的是，我们确定了一些NRY/mtDNA单倍型群在波利尼西亚的频率分布梯度和整体NRY/mtDNA多样性从西向东逐渐减少，不仅为波利尼西亚定居点的西向东方向提供了证据，而且还表明太平洋航行是定期的，而不是偶然的。我们还表明，斐济在波利尼西亚的历史中发挥了关键作用：人类可能首先迁移到斐济，波利尼西亚的后续解决可能来自斐济。
The human settlement of the Pacific Islands represents one of the most recent major migration events of mankind. Polynesians originated in Asia according to linguistic evidence or in Melanesia according to archaeological evidence. To shed light on the genetic origins of Polynesians, we investigated over 400 Polynesians from 8 island groups, in comparison with over 900 individuals from potential parental populations of Melanesia, Southeast and East Asia, and Australia, by means of Y chromosome (NRY) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers. Overall, we classified 94.1% of Polynesian Y chromosomes and 99.8% of Polynesian mtDNAs as of either Melanesian (NRY-DNA: 65.8%, mtDNA: 6%) or Asian (NRY-DNA: 28.3%, mtDNA: 93.8%) origin, suggesting a dual genetic origin of Polynesians in agreement with the "Slow Boat" hypothesis. Our data suggest a pronounced admixture bias in Polynesians toward more Melanesian men than women, perhaps as a result of matrilocal residence in the ancestral Polynesian society. Although dating methods are consistent with somewhat similar entries of NRY/mtDNA haplogroups into Polynesia, haplotype sharing suggests an earlier appearance of Melanesian haplogroups than those from Asia. Surprisingly, we identified gradients in the frequency distribution of some NRY/mtDNA haplogroups across Polynesia and a gradual west-to-east decrease of overall NRY/mtDNA diversity, not only providing evidence for a west-to-east direction of Polynesian settlements but also suggesting that Pacific voyaging was regular rather than haphazard. We also demonstrate that Fiji played a pivotal role in the history of Polynesia: humans probably first migrated to Fiji, and subsequent settlement of Polynesia probably came from Fiji.